Exam (elaborations)
Microbiology - Comprehensive Final Exam questions and answers.
- Course
- ASCP
- Institution
- Havard School
Microbiology - Comprehensive Final Exam questions and answers.
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Microbiology - Comprehensive Final Exam questions and answersDefine Microbiology - answer Study of living organisms & acellular biological entities too small to be seen without the aid of a microscope; study of microorganisms
Types of organisms studied in microbiology & their branches of microbiology - answer **Living organisms:
o Bacteria - unicellular organisms
o Algae - unicellular organism that photosynthesize (does not cause disease) o Protozoa - unicellular organism that are animal-like
o Fungi - unicellular or multicellular organisms (yeast or molds)
o Helminths - multicellular eukaryotic worms
**Acellular organisms (not alive):
o Viruses - infectious agents composed of protein and nucleic acid, must invade host cell to multiply
o Viroids - infectious agents composed of only RNA (ribonucleic acid)
o Prions - infectious protiens (cause mad cow disease)
Distinguish between prokaryotic & eukaryotic - answer Prokaryotic - no nuclues; 1 peice of DNA; no membrane bound organelles; includes all bacteria
Eukaryotic - nucleus; many pieces of chromosomal DNA;
membrane bound organelles; includes protistans, fungi, plantae; animalia 2 metric scales used to measure both bacteria & viruses (um & nm) - answer • Bacteria are measured with the micrometer scale
• Viruses are measured with the nanometer scale
2 theories on how living things arise (spontaneous generation & bio-genesis) - answer **Biogenesis - the idea that living things can only arise from other living things (of the same kind); Examples - mice from mice; dogs from dogs; bacteria from bacteria
**Abiogenesis - spontaneous generation. Early belief that some forms of life could arise from vital forces present in nonliving or decomposing matter; Examples - flies from manure; old rags & thrown out food = mice; broth left unrefrigerated became cloudy = microbes
Contributions of Koch (Koch - Which etiological agent Koch used with his postulates to prove the germ theory of disease) - answer **Koch's contributions to microbiology:
• Proved that germ theory of disease by finding the causative agent for Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) • Created Koch's Postulates - o Microbe must be present in every case of the disease but absent from healthy organisms
o The suspected microbe must be isolated and grown in pure culture
o The same disease must result when the isolated microbe inoculated into a healthy host
o The same microbe must be isolated again from the disease host
• Developed many of the lab techniques still used for lab today
o Developed culture media
o Developed dishware
o Developed methods for isolation
**Which organism did Koch first identify as an etiological agent of a disease?
• Bacillus anthracis - causative agent for Anthrax
Define Pathogen - answer •Pathogen - Microorganism that can cause disease in the normal healthy individual
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