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WKU NURSING MED SURG EXAM #2
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WKU NURSING MED SURG EXAM #2
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WKU NURSING MED SURG EXAM #2 What is the basic unit of the nervous system? - answer- neuronTemporal lobe
Occipital lobe
What receives immediate and continuous information about the condition of the mm, joints, and tendons? Controls the fine motor skills - answer- Cerebellum
Patient is awake, engages, and responsive - answer- Alert
Patient is drowsy but easily awakened - answer- Lethargic
Patient is arousable only with vigorous or painful stimulation - answer- Stuporous
Patient is unconscious and cannot be awakened despite vigorous or noxious stimulation
- answer- Comatose
What tends to be an early sign of neurologic problems? - answer- Loss of memory, especially recent memory
Decortication - answer- an abnormal posture associated with severe brain injury, characterized by abnormal flexion of the upper extremities and extension of the lower extremities
Decerebration - answer- an abnormal body posture associated with a severe brain injury, characterized by extreme extension of the upper and lower extremities
Babinski sign - answer- The toes flex upward when sole of foot is stimulated, indicating motor nerve damage.
Clonus - answer- the sudden, brief, jerking contraction of a muscle or muscle group often seen in seizures.
Romberg's sign - answer- Falling to one side when standing with feet together and eyes
closed, indicating abnormal cerebellar function or inner ear dysfunction
Proprioception - answer- The cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense body position and limb movement.
What is used to perform a rapid neurologic assessment? - answer- Glasgow Coma Scale
A decrease in how many points on the Glasgow Coma Scale is clinically significant? - answer- 2 With head trauma and multiple injuries what is the priority to rule out after ABCs? - answer- Rule out cervical spine fracture
What are neurological changes associated with aging? - answer- Slower processing time Change in sleep pattern- sleep deprivation Change in perception of pain Change in sensory perception of touch
Alterations in balance and coordination Cognitive decline is often caused by drug interaction or toxicity, or inadequate oxygen supply to the brain Acute mental status change is often a key early sign of an infection
What are the two types of neurons? - answer- motor and sensory
What are sensory neurons that send impulses to the CNS, away from the PNS? - answer- Afferent neurons
What are motor nerve cells that carry signal away from the CNS to the PNS? - answer- Efferent nurons
What are myelinated axons? - answer- a nerve fiber with a myelin layer that functions to
carry electrical impulses quickly
White matter
What are non-myelinated axons? - answer- Grey matter
What are chemicals that can either inhibit of enhance and impulse? - answer- neurotransmitters
What vary in size and shape, provide protection, structure, and nutrition for the neurons? - answer- Neuroglia cells
What form the protective covering of the brain and the spinal cord? - answer- Meninges
What is the outside layer of the brain? - answer- Dura mater
What is the middle layer of the brain? - answer- arachnoid mater What is the inner most layer of the brain? - answer- pia mater
What is situated between the arachnoid and pia mater? This is where the CSF circulates. - answer- The subarachnoid space
What is the largest part of the brain that controls intelligence, creativity, and memory? - answer- Cerebrum
What is the cerebrum divided into? - answer- left and right hemispheres
What are the left and right hemispheres joined by? - answer- corpus callosum
What is the part of the cerebrum that is involved with almost all of the higher functions of
the brain? - answer- Cerebral cortex
What is the cerebral cortex composed of? - answer- Frontal lobe Parietal lobe When we document PERLA what cranial nerve are we testing? - answer- CN 3
When assessing motor function what do we test? - answer- Bilaterally when possible Hand strength (grips) Babinski Limb strength upper and lower limbs against resistance
How to we test sensory function? - answer- Pain and temperature Pain perception Touch and 2 point discrimination
How do we test for cerebellar function? - answer- Walk across room and turn heel to toe, tip-toe
Romberg sign
What is a chronic disease with unknown cause leading to progressive mm weakness, leading to paralysis or respiratory mm? - answer- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
What population does ALS affect most often? - answer- Men; and increases with each decade of life
What is the life expectancy of ALS after diagnosis? - answer- 3 to 5 years
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