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Myers AP Psychology Unit 7 vocab (1)
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Myers AP Psychology Unit 7 vocab (1)
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memory - ✅✅ -The persistence of learning over time through the storage andretrieval of information.
encoding - ✅✅ -The processing of information into the memory system—for
example, by extracting meaning.
storage - ✅✅-The retention of encoded information over time.
retrieval - ✅✅-The process of getting information out of memory storage.
sensory memory - ✅✅-The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information
in the memory system.
short-term memory - ✅✅-Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as
the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or
forgotten.
long-term memory - ✅✅-The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the
memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences.
working memory - ✅✅ -A newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses
on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information,
and of information retrieved from long-term memory.
parallel processing - ✅✅ -The processing of many aspects of a problem
simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many
functions, including vision. Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of
most computers and of conscious problem solving.
automatic processing - ✅✅
-Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such
as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word
meanings.
effortful processing - ✅✅-Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.
rehearsal - ✅✅ -The conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in
consciousness or to encode it for storage.
spacing effect - ✅✅ -The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better
long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice.
serial position effect - ✅✅-Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a
list.
, visual encoding -✅✅-The encoding of picture images.
acoustic encoding - ✅✅-The encoding of sound, especially the sound of words.
semantic encoding - ✅✅-The encoding of meaning, including the meaning of
words.
imagery - ✅✅
-Mental pictures; a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially
when combined with semantic encoding.
mnemonics - ✅✅ -Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery
and organizational devices.
chunking - ✅✅-Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs
automatically.
iconic memory - ✅✅ -A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a
photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a
second.
echoic memory - ✅✅-A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention
is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds.
long-term potentiation (LTP) - ✅✅ -An increase in a synapse's firing potential after
brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory.
flashbulb memory - ✅✅-A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or
event.
amnesia - ✅✅-The loss of memory.
implicit memory - ✅✅-Retention independent of conscious recollection. (Also
called nondeclarative or procedural memory.)
explicit memory - ✅✅ -Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously
know and "declare." (Also called declarative memory.)
hippocampus - ✅✅ -A neural center that is located in the limbic system; helps
process explicit memories for storage.
recall - ✅✅ -A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information
learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test.
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