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Oral And Maxillofacial Pathology Exam 1 With Complete Solutions Latest Update
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Oral And Maxillofacial Pathology Exam 1 WithComplete Solutions Latest Update
Formation of the Lips - correct answers Middle portion of the upper lip: Formed by
the fusion of the
medial nasal process of both sides along with the frontonasal
process
Lateral portion of the upper lip: Fusion of the maxillary
processes of each side and medial nasal process
Lower lip: Formed by the fusion of the two mandibular processes
Cleft percentage - correct answers Any defect in the development of these
processes
or their fusion may result in orofacial clefts
Cleft lip- 25%
Cleft palate - 30%
Cleft lip and palate - 45%
CL ± CP are related etiologically and
,Isolated CP is a separate entity
ETIOLOGY of CL ± CP - correct answers Syndrome-associated: 250 developmental
syndromes (3% to 8%
of total clefts)
Single gene mutations; AD, AR or X-linked
Chromosomal abnormalities
Idiopathic
multifactorial
Incidence of Orofacial Clefts - correct answers Most common congenital
abnormality in humans
Racial variation of CL ± CP: White - 1 in 700 to 1000
Asian - 1.5 in 700 to 1000
Black - 0.4 per 1000
Native Americans - 3.6 per 1000
Isolated CP is much less common
Isolated CL: Males > Females (1.5:1)
CL + CP: Males > Females (2:1)
,Isolated CP: Females > Males
80% of isolated CL: Unilateral (70% occur on left side)
Complete CL vs Incomplete CL
NATIVE AMERICANS HIGHEST
BLACKS LOWEST
Variation in CP - correct answers Hard and soft palate or soft palate alone
Most minimal involvement: Bifid Uvula
Bifid Uvula: Most common
(1 in 80 in Whites;
1 in 10 in Asians and Native
Americans;
1 in 250 in Blacks)
Submucous palatal cleft: Defect in
underlying musculature alone;
, A notch in bone also noted
Pierre Robin Sequence (Pierre Robin Anomalad) - correct answers Mandibular
micrognathia: Prevents descending of the tongue causing CP
Cleft palate: Wider and U-shaped than regular CP
3. Glossoptosis: Causing airway obstruction
Stigma of Orofacial clefts - correct answers Clinical appearance: psychological
problems
Feeding and speech difficulties
Malocclusion due to collapse of the maxillary arch
Treatment: Multidisciplinary approach
Genetic counseling: Risk for cleft development in a sibling or
offspring is 3% to 5%
Risk increases to 10% to 20% if there is are affected first degree
relatives
Lateral Facial Cleft: - correct answers Caused by lack of fusion of the maxillary and
mandibular process
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