ARDMS Breast Registry Review Exam Questions With Verified Answers.
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ARDMS Breast Registry
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ARDMS Breast Registry
ARDMS Breast Registry Review
Exam Questions With Verified
Answers.
Artifact - answerAn echo feature present or absent in a sonographic image that does not
correspond to the presence or absence of a real structure. Eg. enhancement or shadowing.
Attenuation - answerThe reduction of intensity (an...
ARDMS Breast Registry Review Exam Questions With Verified Answers. Artifact - answer✔✔An echo feature present or absent in a s onographic image that does not correspond to the presence or absence of a real structure. Eg. enhancement or shadowing. Attenuation - answer✔✔The reduction of intensity (and amplitude) of a sound wave as it travels through a material. Attenuation is due to absorption, reflection, and scattering. Complex - answer✔✔A structure in the body that contains both cystic and solid components. Echogenic - answer✔✔A structure or medium that produces echoes. Edge Shadowing - answer✔✔Decreased echo amplitude distal to t he edge of a structure. This artifact results from refraction of the sound beam. Enhancement - answer✔✔Increased echo amplitude returning from regions lying beyond an object that causes little or no attenuation of the sound beam (typically a cystic structu re). This artifact results in a brighter than normal appearance. Heterogeneous - answer✔✔A structure that has an uneven texture (hypoechoic and hyperechoic echoes throughout). Synonym - non-uniform. Homogeneous - answer✔✔Smooth uniform texture Ipsilateral - answer✔✔On the same side. Contrlateral - answer✔✔On the opposite side. Isoechoic - answer✔✔Same echogenicity as another structure or the surrounding tissue. Noise - answer✔✔Spurious echoes throughout the image. Real-time - answer✔✔The scannin g and display of sonographic images at a sufficiently rapid rate so that moving structures can be seen to move at their natural rate. ***Frame rates of 15 frames per second or greater are considered real time*** Reverberation - answer✔✔Artifact causing lin ear echoes parallel to a strong interface. Sound "bounces" Ring Down - answer✔✔Reverb in which numerous parallel echoes are seen for a considerable distance. E.g. a biopsy needle. Sensitivity - answer✔✔The ability to diagnose disease in a patient when dise ase is present. Texture - answer✔✔The pattern of echoes seen from a mass or area of interest in the body. Refractive Edge Shadowing - answer✔✔Bending of a sound beam and loss of sound energy causing a shadow. Mid level gray corresponds to _____ in the brea st. - answer✔✔Fat Hyperechoic describes what three structures visualized in breast sonography. - answer✔✔Fibroglandular tissue, Cooper's Ligament, Skin What frequency transducer is optimal for breast imaging? - answer✔✔7.0-15.0 MHz is optimal for superior axial and lateral resolution while maintaining penetration to the chest wall. It should also be BROADBAND. Fixed elevation focusing represents.... - answer✔✔Focusing along the short axis of the transducer. What design of transducer is used in breast imagin g? - answer✔✔Linear array is optimal The advantage of a rectangular image over a sector image is the avoidance of what artifact? - answer✔✔Beam divergence Interventional procedures are more accurately guided with a _______ __________ probe. - answer✔✔Linea r array When is a curved array transducer used in breast imaging? - answer✔✔Pathology too large to fit on linear image Most linear transducers in breast sonography are ______ arrays. - answer✔✔1-D 1-D arrays offer a fixed focus in the ________ plan (short axis) - answer✔✔Elevation 1.5-D matrix array transducers have multiple elements along the _____ axis of the probe. - answer✔✔Short 1.5-D arrays offer some electronic focusing in the __________ plane. - answer✔✔Elevation 2-D array transducers are not curren tly _________. - answer✔✔available Imaging depth should penetrate the chest wall -- ___ to ___ cm should be adequate - answer✔✔3, 6 An echo's brightness is controlled by ______ - answer✔✔gain Know overall gain, TGC, and output power - answer✔✔This is ultras ound elementary. If your image is too bright decrease the ______________. - answer✔✔Output power If your image is too dark increase the ____________. - answer✔✔Receiver gain __________ focal zones are recommended for breast imaging. - answer✔✔Multiple Multiple focal zones will decrease what? - answer✔✔Frame rate a 7-12 MHz probe must be used to obtain an elevation focus depth of ____ to _____ cm. - answer✔✔1,2 10 MHz = _____ cm elevation plane focus - answer✔✔1.5 ____________ (artifact) decreases contra st resolution and spatial resoution (both axial and lateral). Places unwanted echoes in cysts. - answer✔✔Volume averaging _______ __________ is more sensitive to low velocity flow and offers angle independence. - answer✔✔Power Doppler Three reasons Doppler is useful: - answer✔✔(1)Solid vs Cystic (2)Inflammed vs Non -Inflammed (3)Complicated Cyst vs Complex Cyst vs Intraductal Papilloma To optimize Doppler for breast imaging (4 things) - answer✔✔(1) Low velocity scale (2) Low filter setting (3) Optimal Dopple r gain setting (4) Increased PRF for high velocities Uses compounding technique to combine ultrsound lines acquired from different scanning directions (angles). Improves tissue differentiation, margin visualization, and internal architecture creating a "sm oother" more realistic image. - answer✔✔Spatial compounding What are the advantages (2) and disadvantages (2) of spatial compounding? - answer✔✔Advantages: -Clears cysts -Reduces speckle and other noise artifacts (clutter) Disadvantages -Reduces acoustic e nhancement and shadowing artifact -Subject to blurring A diagnostic methof that evaluates the elastic properties of tissue. Breast tissues vibrate differently based on their firmness. - answer✔✔Elastography Breast elastography may have the potential to dif ferentiate benign from malignant breast tumors (BIRADS 3 from BIRADS 4 lesions) and potential reduce the number of __________. - answer✔✔Biopsies List the 6 anatomic layers from anterior to posterior. - answer✔✔1. Skin 2. Subcutaneous aka Premammary Layer 3. Mammary Layer 4. Retromammary Space 5. Muscle Layers (Pectoralis major m, and Pectoralis minor m.) 6. Chest Wall (Ribs and Intercostal muscles) What is the normal thickness of the skin layer?**** - answer✔✔0.5 to 2mm **** The breast skin is slightly thicker in ______ females and thins with ______. - answer✔✔young, age Area that consists of dense connective tissue and erectile muscle, contains many sensory nerve endings, and has _________ collecting duct openings. - answer✔✔Nipple, 15 -20 The areola consists of _______ muscle. - answer✔✔Smooth These sebaceous glands are found in the areola. - answer✔✔Montgomery glands. The premammary layer primarily consists of ________. - answer✔✔fat The premammary layer is not seen where? - answer✔✔Posterior to the nipple. The amount of fat in the premammary layer increases with ______, _______, and _______. - answer✔✔Age, pregnancy, obesity. _________ __________ appear as prominent structures within the subcutaneous (premammary) layer. - answer✔✔Cooper's ligaments. The breast tissue is completely contained between the layers of the _______ __________. - answer✔✔Superficial fascia
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