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NASCLA Accredited Exam - JJ Johnson Contractor Seminar(Correctly answered)
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NASCLA Accredited Exam - JJ Johnson Contractor Seminar(Correctly answered)
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WGU C785 Bioc hemistry OA1.Which level of protein structure is dis-
rupted thr ough the h ydrolysis of pep-
tide bonds?
Quaternar y
Tertiary
Primary
Secondar yPrimary
The primary structure of a protein is the sequence of amino acids held together b y peptide bonds . Peptide bonds are f ormed by de-
hydration reactions and disr upted by hydrolysis.
2.A mutation in the beta-hemoglobin gene, which results in the replacement of the amino acid glutamate in position 6 with the amino acid v aline, leads to the development of sic kle cell anemia. The structures of glutamate and v aline are shown below.
If the beta hemoglobin gene in a patient with sickle-cell anemia were to be edit-
ed so that the v aline in position 6 was replaced with a diff erent amino acid, which replacement f or valine would be expected to ha ve the best c linical out-
come, in theory, for the patient? (As-
sume the v aline can potentiall y be re-
placed with an y amino acid other than glutamate .)The original amino acid in a healthy patient is glutamate , which is negativ ely charged. The mutat-
ed amino acid is v aline, which is non-polar . Valine is causing sic kle cell anemia. The best amino acid to replace valine so that the patient is healthy again w ould be the one most like glutamate , so any nega-
tively charged amino acid.
3.Secondary, tertiary, and quaternary lev-
els of protein structure can all be im-
pacted by exposing a pr otein to whic h treatment?
Change of a hydrophobic amino acid to a different hydrophobic amino acidPlacement of the protein in a solu-
tion with a lo w pH
Changes in pH aff ect hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds . Hydrogen bonds in the bac kbone of amino acids occur in secondar y struc-
ture, and both h ydrogen bonds WGU C785 Bioc hemistry OA
Addition of a reducing a gent
Placement of the pr otein in a solution with a low pH
Increase in the concentration of the protein in solutionand ionic bonds occur in the side chains of amino acids in ter tiary structure.
4.An increase in beta-pleated sheet structure in some brain pr oteins can lead to an increase in am yloid deposit formation, characteristic of some neu-
rodegenerative diseases. What is the primary biochemical pr ocess that f ol-
lows the increase in beta-pleated sheet structure that leads to the development of the am yloid deposits?
An increase in gl ycogen formation in the brain cells
Aggregation of the proteins in the brain
Secretion of gluca gon, leading to e x-
cessive ketog enesis
An increase in anaer obic metabolism of glucose in the brainAggregation of the proteins in the brain
This question is descr ibing changes in protein str ucture. Ag-
gregation occurs when proteins clump together inappropr iately, causing plaques lik e amyloid de-
posits to accum ulate.
5.Which level of protein structure is de-
termined b y the sequence of amino acids?
Secondar y structure
Quaternar y structure
Tertiary structurePrimary structure
The primary structure of a pro-
tein is simply the sequence of amino acids held together by pep-
tide bonds . WGU C785 Bioc hemistry OA
Primary structure
6.Which force is most influential in de-
termining the secondar y structure of a protein?
Hydrophobic eff ect
Disulfide bonding
Hydrogen bonding
Electrostatic interactionsHydrogen bonding
The secondar y structure of a pro-
tein is built by hydrogen bonds between the carbo xyl groups and amino groups on the backbones of the amino acids .
7.Which amino acid w ould most likel y participate in h ydrogen bonds?Amino Acid str ucture 4
This is a polar , uncharged amino acid due to the OH g roup on the side chain. Polar, uncharged amino acids containing o xygen or NH groups make hydrogen bonds.
8.Which portion of the amino acid is in-
side the bo x? The box is surrounding the section be-
low the Alpha CarbonSide Chain
The side chain is the v ariable group of the amino acid, also called the R g roup. Every amino acid has the same amino g roup, carboxylic acid g roup, and an al-
pha carbon, b ut the side chain is different.
9.Which pair of amino acids will most likely interact thr ough hydrophobic forces between their side c hains?Both of these amino acids are non-polar and theref ore can inter -
act together with a hydrophobic in-
teraction. Please note that the "S" in the amino acid on the r ight is non-polar , while the "SH" g roup in answer choice D is polar . The S
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