means twisted symbols. The first term Orton used for
Strephosymbolia
dyslexia.
phonetics the study of speech sounds in spoken language
the ability to focus on units of sound in spoken language
phonological awareness
at the sentence, word, syllable and phoneme levels
awareness of speech sounds or phonemes in spoken
phonemic awareness
words
phonics instruction that connects sounds and letters
explicitly teaches individual grapheme-phoneme
synthetic phonics correspondences before they are blended to form
syllables or whole words
the understanding that spoken sounds are represented
alphabetic principle
in print by written letters
blocked / voiced or unvoiced sounds - a class of speech
consonant
sounds with air flow that is constricted or obstructed
open and voiced sounds - a class of open speech
vowel sounds produced by the passage of air through an open
vocal tract
the rules that determine how sounds are used in spoken
phonology
language
fluency reading with rapidity and automaticity with prosody
prosody the rhythmic flow of oral reading
set of rules that dictate communicative behavior and use
pragmatics
of language, rules we communicate by
, syntax sentence structure, grammar, usage
content of language, used to express knowledge of the
semantics
world around us - meaning
phoneme smallest unit of sound in a syllable
sound to symbol / phoneme to grapheme, connect
spelling
grapheme to phoneme
orthography the spelling of written language
orthographic memory memory of letter patterns and word spellings
metalinguistics awareness of language as an entity
a method of leading students to new learning through
guided discovery
questioning
Heuristic means to discover by demonstration
a letter or letter cluster that represents a single speech
grapheme
sound
word recognition in which the phonetic code is broken
decoding
down to determine a word
fusing individual sounds, syllables or words into
blending
meaningful units
reading symbol to sound / grapheme to phoneme
the smallest meaningful unit of language - a suffix,
prefix, root or stem such as awe, dis, in, inter, or word
part such as cat, man. etc.
morpheme
Knowledge of word meaning, rapid word recognition,
and spelling ability greatly depend on knowledge of
word structure at the level of morphemes.
the study of word formation patterns, meaningful units
morphology
that make words
a sound produced by forcing air through a narrow
fricative
opening between the teeth or lips / f / / sh / / z /
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