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ncert chemistry class11 chapter 1
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this is a brief explanation of class 11 chemistry (ncert) chapter 1 (some basic concept of chemistry)
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UNIT 1 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY Chemistry may be defined as the branch of science which deals with the study of
various forms of matter, especially about their composition, methods of preparation,
properties and their reactions with other substances.
SOME BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY
Inorganic Chemistry Organic Chemistry
Physical Chemistry Analytical Chemistry
Polymer Chemistry Biochemistry
Medicinal Chemistry Industrial Chemistry
Hydrochemistry Electrochemistry
Green Chemistry etc.
MATTER
Matter may be defined as anything which occupies space and has mass and can be
perceived by our senses.
Eg: Air, Water, Stone etc.
STATES OF MATTER
Solid state
Liquid state
Gaseous state
Plasma state
Bose-Einstein condensate
Fermionic condensate
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
1. PHYSICAL CLASSIFICATION
On the basis of rigidity, volume and shape, matter can exist in three physical states.
a) Solids
Solids are rigid substances which have definite shape and definite volume.
b) Liquids
Liquids are not rigid, but have definite volume.
They do not have a definite shape.
They take the shape of the container in which they are placed.
c) Gases
Gases have neither definite volume nor definite shape.
They occupy the shape and volume of the container.
2. CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION
a) Elements
An element is a pure substance.
PREPARED BY HAIZEL G. ROY, HSST (HG) CHEMISTRY, GOVT. H.S.S. KALAMASSERY ERNAKULAM Page | 1
, It cannot be broken down into two or more simpler substances by physical and
chemical means.
It is made up of only one kind of atom.
Eg: Copper, Silver, Gold, Iron etc.
b) Compounds
A compound is a pure substance made up of two or more elements combined
chemically in fixed proportion.
Eg: H2O, NH3, CH4 etc.
c) Mixtures
A mixture is made up of two or more elements or compounds or both.
Eg: Brass is a mixture of Cu and Zn, Bronze is a mixture of Cu and Sn.
CLASSIFICATION OF MIXTURES
a) Homogeneous Mixture
In this, the components completely mix with each other and its composition is
uniform throughout.
Eg: Ethanol – Water mixture, salt solution, sugar solution etc.
b) Heterogeneous Mixture
In this, the constituents are not uniformly mixed and the properties and composition
vary throughout the mixture.
Eg: Gun powder is a mixture of charcoal, sulphur and nitre.
Muddy water, Chalk powder in water etc.
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
a) Physical Properties
Properties which can be measured or observed without changing the identity or the
composition of the substance.
Eg: Colour, odour, melting point, boiling point, density etc.
b) Chemical Properties
Properties in which a chemical change occur.
Eg: Chemical reactions of different substances.
MASS AND WEIGHT
Mass of a substance is the amount of matter present in it.
The mass of a substance is constant.
The SI unit of mass is kg.
Weight is the force exerted by gravity on an object.
Weight may vary from one place to another due to change in gravity.
DENSITY
Density of a substance is its amount of mass per unit volume.
Mass
Density
Volume
PREPARED BY HAIZEL G. ROY, HSST (HG) CHEMISTRY, GOVT. H.S.S. KALAMASSERY ERNAKULAM Page | 2
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