Portage Learning A&P II: Final Exam This is a collection of cell bodies found in the peripheral nervous system. - correct answer Ganglia This part of the autonomic system increases digestion. - correct answer Parasympathetic The ventral root of a nerve contains what type of neurons? - correct answer Motor (Efferent) This part of a neuron conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body. - correct answer Axo n An interneuron inside the spinal cord is part of the: - correct answer Central nervous system Describe the synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters. - correct answer The neuron cell body manufactures neurotransmitters, which are stored in secretory vesicles at the end of axon terminals. An afferent neuron carries information: - correct answer From the peripheral to the central nervous system What is the location and function of Astrocytes? - correct answer Astrocytes form the blood/brain barrier, are fo und in the brain, and are part of the CNS A patient's left thumb was severed in a cooking accident and then reattached during surgery. Would the patient be expected to regrow axons in their thumb? Why or why not? - correct answer Yes; Peripheral nerves can regenerate the length of the axon through axonal regeneration because of the growth of Schwann cells ahead of the axon. Name and describe what is occurring in the neuron cell membrane in section 2 of the diagram. Include the charge of the membrane during this phase. - correct answer Depolarization: The sodium gates open and sodium rushes into the axon during the depolarization phase of the action potential. Voltage travels past zero and then on up to +40 mV. At rest, a neuron plasma membrane is: - correct answer -70mV Portage Learning A&P II: Final Exam Which of the following is false concerning the sodium -potassium pump? - correct answer The overall effect is a negative charge on the outside of the membrane. True or false: A sensory neuron is signaling the body of a light touch. This means that the strength of the action potential is weaker than usual. Explain your reasoning. - correct answer False. The action potential is always the same. The frequency and number of nuerons activated change the increase in intensity. Which of the following s tatements is false concerning the neuromuscular junction? - correct answer Ach is released from the presynaptic motor neuron to cause an action potential in the muscle fiber. How is a message sent from one neuron to another? - correct answer A signal trave ls from the cell body through the axon and releases neurotransmitters into the synapse. These nuerotransmitters bind with receptor that carry the message to the dendrite of the next neuron, and the process begins again. What neurotransmitter helps regulate emotional responses and muscle tone? - correct answer Dopamine In a reflex, the ____________ neuron conducts nerve impulses along a pathway towards the central nervous system. - correct answer Sensory (afferent) This part of a reflex is inside the CNS, ma de up of one or more synapses. - correct answer The integration center What is true about the stretch reflex? - correct answer The muscle spindle detects stretch within the muscle. What is true about the flexor withdrawal reflex? - correct answer It involv es excitatory interneurons. It involves inhibitory interneurons. Your doctor taps on your patellar tendon. List out the steps, in detail, of the nervous pathway of the reflex he is testing. Include any sensory organs involved and the action of the reflex. - correct answer Stretch on patellar tendon (tapping patellar ten don) Muscle spindle detects stretch Portage Learning A&P II: Final Exam Afferent (sensory) neuron through DRG Spinal cord Synapses directly on a motor neuron (efferent) Action: To muscle fiber to contract quadriceps (kicking foot) Botulism is a disease caused by a neurotoxin that interferes with the release of Acetylcholine. Patients with this disease experience flaccid paralysis, or the inability to contract their muscles. Explain why this would occur. - correct answer Acetylcholine triggers the release of sodium ions. The sodium ions reach the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which in turn release calcium ions that begin muscle contraction. If acetylcholine is not able to be released, the muscle contraction would not be possible. This layer of the meninges is tightly attached to the brain. - correct answer Pia Mater The _______ fissure separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres. - correct answer transverse median Describe the function of the brain ventricles. - correct answer The brain ventricles are located inside the brain and produce and sto re cerebral spinal fluid ll the following are functions of the hypothalamus except: - correct answer Filters out unimportant sensory information What is the largest portion of the brain? - correct answer cerebrum This region of the brain acts to coordinate multiple sources of sensory information. - correct answer Association area A patient is having difficulty producing speech sounds, but other motor movements are normal. Which area of the brain is most likely damaged? - correct answer Broca's area Describe how memories are stored and retrieved in the brain. Include a specific brain region. - correct answer Memories are stored in various locations of the brain and recalled by the limbic system.
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