Drexel ACE Gerontology Quiz 2
Crystallized intelligence - ANS-knowledge accumulated over a lifetime; arises from the dominant
hemisphere of the brain
fluid intelligence - ANS-involves new information emanating from the nondominant hemisphere;
controls emotions, retention of nonintellectual information, creative capacities, spatial
perceptions, and aesthetic appretiation
immunosenescence - ANS-the aging of the immune system
presbycusis - ANS-progressive hearing loss that occurs as a result of age-related changes to
the inner ear
presbyesophagus - ANS-a condition characterized by a decreased intensity of propulsive waves
and an increased frequency of non-propulsive waves in the esophagus
presbyopia - ANS-the inability to focus or accommodate properly due to reduced elasticity of the
lens
the number of cells are ____ with age - ANS-gradually reduced with age (leaving fewer
functional cells in the body)
lean body mass is ____ and total body fat as a proportion of the body's composition______. -
ANS-reduced
increases
fat tissue increases until___ - ANS-the 6th decade of life
cellular solids and bone mass are _________-- - ANS-decreased
the changes in intracellular fluid results in - ANS-less total body fluid
the decrease in total body fluid makes _______a significant risk to older adults -
ANS-dehydration
body shrinkage in older adults is due to - ANS-reduced hydration, loss of cartilage, thinning of
vertebrae
,what occurs to the contours of the body as body fat atrophies with age - ANS-body contours
gain a body appearance along with deepening of the hollows of the intercostal and
supraclavicular spaces, orbits, and acillae
what are some physical manifestations of loss of tissue elasticity throughout the body -
ANS-elongated ears, a double chin, baggy eyelids
what is responsible for the decrease in skin-fold thickness - ANS-loss of subcutaneous fat
why are older adults more sensitive to cold temperatures - ANS-because of the loss of
subcutaneous fat, which is the bodys natural insulation
connective tissue changes to the respiratory system can lead to - ANS-drooping of the nose and
septum deviation (which leads to mouth breathing, snoring, and obstructive apnea)
what occurs to the submucosal glands of an older adult - ANS-submucosal glands have
decreased secretions, reducing the ability to dilute mucus secretion. This causes thicker
secretions that are more difficult to remove and give the sensation of stuffyness
what structural changes occur in the chest with age - ANS-the calcification of costal cartilage
(make the trachea and rib cage more rigid), anterior-posterior chest diameter increases (often
demonstrated by kyphosis), and thoracic inspiratory and expiratory muscles are weaker.
what is the effect of the structural changes to the chest that occur with age - ANS-the structural
changes reduce respiratory activity
what reflexes of the respiratory system are blunted - ANS-the cough and laryngeal reflexes
in the lungs, cilia ____ in number - ANS-cillia reduce in number
______ of the bronchial mucous gland occurs in the lungs with age - ANS-hypertrophy
hypertrophy - ANS-...
what is the result of decreased cilia and hypertrophy of the bronchial mucous gland in the lungs
- ANS-further complicates the ability to expel mucus and debris
what occurs to the alveoli with age - ANS-alveoli reduce in number and stretch due to a
progressive loss of elasticity
in what decade of life does progressive loss of elasticity begin in the body tissues - ANS-the 6th
decade of life
,with age, the lungs become.. - ANS-smaller, less firm, lighter, more rigid, and have less recoil
what is the end result of the age related changes on the respiratory system - ANS--less lung
expansion
-insufficient basilar inflation
-decreased ability to expel foreign or accumulated matter.
what is a result of the lungs exhaling less effectively - ANS-there is an increase in residual
volume -->reduced vital capacity --->maximum breathing capacity is decreased
what effect does immobility have on an older adults respiratory system - ANS-immobility further
reduces respiratory activity
when is the decline in ventilatory capacity most noticable - ANS-primerally when extra breathing
demand is present, as lower pulmonary reserves result in dyspnea occurring more easily.
what occurs to older adults due to less effective gas exchange and a lack of basilar inflation -
ANS-older adults are at high risk for developing respiratory infections
what can produce a significant increase in lung capacity of older adults - ANS-endurance
training
what physical changes to the heart and its major vessels is attributed to age - ANS--slight left
ventricular hypertrophy
-aorta becomes dilated and elongated
-atrioventricular valves become thick and rigid (as a result of sclerosis and fibrosis)
-incomplete valve closure (resulting in systolic and diastolic murmurs
the heart muscles loss of efficiency and contractile strength result in.. - ANS-reduced cardiac
output under conditions of physiologic stress
what occurs to pacemaker cells with age - ANS-pacemaker cells become increasingly irregular
and decrease in number
what occurs to the shell around the sinus node - ANS-the shell thickens
what changes to the cardiac cycle occur with age - ANS-the isometric -contraction phase and
relaxation time of the left ventricle are prolonged
-the cycle of diastolic filling and systolic emptying requires more time to be completed
what occurs to the heart of an older adult when put under stress - ANS--tachycardia will last a
longer time
-stroke volume may increase to compensate for this situation, which results in elevated blood
pressure
, do the maximum exercise capacity and maximum oxygen consumption vary among older
people? - ANS-yes
what are the three layers of the blood vessel - ANS-1. Tunica Intima (innermost)
2. Tunica Media (middle)
3. Tunica Adventitia
do the three layers of the blood vessel age the same way? - ANS-no
what occurs to the Tunica Intima with age - ANS-fibrosis, calcium and lipid accumulation, and
cellular proliferation
what do the age related changes of the tunica intima contribute to - ANS-they contribute to the
development of atherosclerosis
what occurs to the Tunica Media with age - ANS-undergoes a thinning and calcification of
elastin fibers and an increase in collagen, which causes a stiffening of the vessels.
-impaired baroreceptor function and increased peripheral resistance occur.
which layer of the blood vessel is the most directly affected by the aging process. - ANS-the
Tunica Intima
what do impaired baroreceptor function and increased peripheral resistance result in - ANS-can
lead to a rise in systolic blood pressure
what occurs to the Tunica Adventitia due to aging - ANS-nothing. the Tunica Adventitia is not
affected by the aging process
decreased elasticity of the arteries is responsible for what? - ANS-vascular changes to the
heart, kidney, and pituitary gland
what occurs due to the reduced sensitivity of the blood pressure regulating baroreceptors? -
ANS-increased problems with postural hypotension and postprandial hypotension
what is postprandial hypotension - ANS-blood pressure reduction of at least 20mmHg within 1
hour of eating
reduced elasticity of vessels coupled with thinner skin and less subcutaneous fat causes what
physical effect - ANS-causes the vessels in the head, neck, and extremities to become more
prominent
what occurs to tooth enamel with age - ANS-becomes harder and more brittle
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