Exam (elaborations)
NUR 2102 Test 4 - Musculoskeletal, Neuro, GI, Renal.
- Course
- Institution
NUR 2102 Test 4 - Musculoskeletal, Neuro, GI, Renal.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
lydiaomutho
Content preview
NUR 2102 Test 4 - Musculoskeletal, Neuro,GI, Renal
What does the muscular system do? - CORRECT ANSWER-- provides stability,
mobility, and protects internal organs against outside forces
- produces blood cells and stores minerals such as calcium and phosphorus
function of bones - CORRECT ANSWER-support for soft tissues and organs and
protection of organs such as brain and spinal cord, body movement, and
hematopoiesis
- function of each bone dictates its shape and surface features
what are is the axial skeleton? - CORRECT ANSWER-skeleton that includes the
facial bones, auditory ossicles, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, and hyoid bone
What is the appendicular skeleton? - CORRECT ANSWER-skeleton includes the
scapula, clavicle, bones of the shoulders and arms and bones of the pelvis and
legs
skeletal muscles are controlled _________? - CORRECT ANSWER-voluntarily
How are joints classified? - CORRECT ANSWER-by the type of material
between them (fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial) and by their degree of movement
Synarthrodial - CORRECT ANSWER-immovable joint (sutures in skull)
amphiarthrodial joints - CORRECT ANSWER-slightly movable joints (pubic
symphysis)
Diarthrodal Joints - CORRECT ANSWER-freely moving joints (knee & DIP joint)
what does synovial fluid do? - CORRECT ANSWER-lubricates the joint to
facilitate its movement in various directions
what is the meniscus? - CORRECT ANSWER-a pad of cartilage that cushions
the joint
,what is a joint capsule? - CORRECT ANSWER-an extension of the periosteum of
the articulating bone, ligaments also encase the capsule to add strength
What are ligaments? - CORRECT ANSWER-Connect bone to bone, strong,
dense, flexible, bands of fibrous tissue
what are tendons? - CORRECT ANSWER-Connect muscle to bone, strong,
nonelastic cords of collagen located at the ends of muscles to attach them to
bones - support bone movement in response to skeletal muscle contractions
What is cartilage? - CORRECT ANSWER-laces nerves, blood vessels, and
lymph vessels. More insensitive to pain and regenerates slowly
what are joints? - CORRECT ANSWER-articulation where two bones meet,
provide range of motion
what are bursae? - CORRECT ANSWER-small fluid filled sacs that reduce stress
from adjacent structure and facilitate movement
how many bones are in the cranium? - CORRECT ANSWER-six - one frontal,
two parietal, two temporal, and one occipital
where is the greatest neck mobility? - CORRECT ANSWER-C4-5, C5-6
what is the spine composed of? - CORRECT ANSWER-7 cervical vertebrae, 12
thoracic, 5 lumbar, and 5 sacral vertebrae
- cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae are separated from each other by
fibrocartilaginous disks, whereas the sacral vertebrae are fused
when getting a musculoskeletal health history, what are important things to ask
about? - CORRECT ANSWER-- ask if pt has any chronic diseases, loss of bone
density, exercise (how much), sports (repetitive movts can cause injury)
-past medical history - surgery, trauma, fall
,- family history - scoliosis, arthritis
- problem based: point to the pain, get all details of injury, ** problems with daily
activities is important
what are four key areas to address in musculoskeletal assessment? - CORRECT
ANSWER-- onset of symptoms
- paralysis
- deformity
- pain
what are some signs of joint inflammation? - CORRECT ANSWER-pain felt in
and around the joint and accompanied by edema, warmth, and erythma
How is bone pain typically described? - CORRECT ANSWER-deep, dull, boring,
and intense - sharp if bone is fractured
how is muscle pain described? - CORRECT ANSWER-cramping
what are things we want to know about pt. symptoms? - CORRECT
ANSWER-when did it start? how did it start? what is it like? numbness?
sharpness? is it occuring after exercise? what makes it better or worse? tx?
what are risk factors for osteoporosis? - CORRECT ANSWER-- age : being over
50
- gender: women have less bone tissue and lose it more readily than men
- race: caucasians and asians have increased risk
- bone structures and body weight: small-boned and thin women (under 127 lb
are at greater risk)
- family history
- lifestyle: cigarette smoking, excessive alcohol intake, consuming inadequate
calcium, and performing inadequate weight bearing exercises increase the risk
, - medications to treat chronic diseases: glucocorticoids, anticonvulsants
-sex hormones
what are risk factors for osteoarthritis? - CORRECT ANSWER-age: risk
increases with age - by age 85 a person has a one-in-two chance of OA
gender: OA occurs in women over age 45 more than in men, but it occurs in men
under 45 more than women
weight
joint injury
infection
occupations: certain occupations that involve repetitive knee motion
deformity - CORRECT ANSWER-- may occur as a result of dislocations,
fractures, spurs, or enlargement of bones
- when deformity is present, another body part may shift to compensate for the
imbalance
What is important to know about paralysis? - CORRECT ANSWER-- time of
onset
- extent of involvement
- progression or regression
- presence or absence of sensory disturbances
-ask:
- is it below the knee? below the waist? below neck?
- are they further losing?
- could be a little tingling or lots of numbness
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller lydiaomutho. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
83507 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now