Exam (elaborations)
Psych 3003 Exam 1.
- Course
- Institution
Exam of 7 pages for the course personality theory research at personality theory research (Psych 3003 Exam 1.)
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
lydiaomutho
Content preview
Psych 3003 Exam 1Three Levels of Analysis - correct answer-1. Human Nature 2. Group and Individual
Differences 3. Individual Uniqueness
Three Levels of Analysis: Human Nature - correct answer-How we are "like all other people"
Three Levels of Analysis: Group and Individual Differences - correct answer-How we are
"like some other people"
Three Levels of Analysis: Individual Uniqueness - correct answer-How we are "like no other
person"
Human Species Universals - correct answer-Language, need to belong, helping/altruism,
social cognition, emotions such as happiness/disgust/fear/anger/surprise/sadness etc.
Goals of Individual Differences Research (3) - correct answer-1. Explain HOW people differ
from each other
2. Explain WHY people are different from each other
3. Link these differences to important life outcomes
Self-Report - correct answer-A person's evaluation of his or her own personality
-Questionnaires or surveys
-Most FREQUENT data source
-High face validity (the degree to which an assessment instrument appears to measure what
it is intended to measure"
Observer or Informant Report Data - correct answer-Judgments by knowledgeable
informants about general attributes of the individuals personality
-Acquaintances, coworkers, psychologists, etc.
-Based on observing people in whatever context they know them from
-Used frequently in daily life
Life Outcomes (Biodata) - correct answer-Verifiable, concrete, real-life outcomes that may
hold psychological significance
-Obtained from archival records or self report
-The results or "residue" of personality
Direct Behavioral Observations - correct answer-"The most visible indication of an
individual's personality is what she/he does"
-Information that is carefully and systematically recorded from direct observation
Natural Observation Data - correct answer--Based on real life
-Diary and experience sampling methods
-Reports by acquaintances
-Naturalistic observations
, -Advantage, realistic. Disadvantage, difficult and expensive; desired contexts may seldom
occur.
Laboratory Observational Data - correct answer-Experiments.
-Make a situation happen and record behavior
-Examine reactions to subtle aspects of situations
-Represent real-life context that are difficult to observe directly
Distributions - correct answer--The trait value is plotted on the horizontal (X) axis, and the
frequency of the trait is on the vertical (Y) axis.
-Most important distribution in describing individual differences is the normal distribution
-Most behavioral phenotypes (ex: personality, intelligence) show a frequency distribution
similar to the normal
Mean - correct answer-The arithmetic average
-A measure of central tendency or location
-Answers the question, "around which score do the numbers tend to cluster?"
-A single variable statistic
Variance - correct answer-The variance of a distribution is a measure of individual
differences around the mean
-a measure of the degree to which scores are dispersed around the mean
-can range from 0 to a large positive number
Standard Deviation - correct answer-The square root of the variance
-single variable statistic
-can be partitioned
Correlational Coefficient - correct answer-A measure of the strength of the association
between 2 variables
-Ranges from -1 to +1
-Direct (positive) relationships and inverse (negative) relationships
-Can be visualized using scatter plot
-A two variable statistic
Causal Modeling - correct answer-Used to test hypothetical causal models, can estimate
associations between measured variables (manifest) and unmeasured variables (latent).
-Multivariate technique (need to measure at least 2 variables)
Quality of Data: RELIABILITY - correct answer-The tendency of an instrument to provide the
same comparative info on repeated occasions
Internal Consistency Reliablity - correct answer-Reliability ACROSS ITEMS
Inter-rater Reliability - correct answer-Reliability ACROSS PEOPLE
Test-Retest Reliability - correct answer-Reliability ACROSS TIME
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller lydiaomutho. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
72349 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now