vati comp predictor overall review 2 all questions
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VATI Comp Predictor Overall Review 2
Lab Value - Calcium (Ca )
(Serum Electrolyte) - CORRECT ANSWER-8.6 - 10.2 mg/dL
-If a patient has severe hypocalcemia, take seizure precautions and assess the
airway. Also, monitor for tetany, tingling sensations in the tips of the fingers and
around the mouth, and in the feet. Spasms of the muscles of the extremities and
the face may occur. Also, be alert for ECG changes including a prolonged QT
interval.
- If a patient has hypercalcemia, increase mobilization and encourage sufficient
oral intake. Take safety precautions if confusion is present and be alert for signs
of digitalis toxicity. Also, monitor the patient's cardiac rate and rhythm.
-Hypomagnesemia can predispose a patient to digitalis toxicity or cardiac
arrhthymias. Take seizure precautions if necessary, and monitor for laryngeal
stridor.
-If hypermagnesemia is present, be alert for hypotension and shallow
respirations, lethargy, drowsiness, and coma. Don't give magnesium containing
medications to patient with renal failure or compromised renal function. Check
deep tendon relfexes frequently.
-Patients with severe hypophosphatemia are at greater risk for infection. Admin
IV phosphate products cautiously and give TPN cautiously in malnourished
patients. Monitor for diarrhea when taking oral supplements. A sudden increase
in serum phosphate level can cause hypocalcemia.
-With hyperphosphatemia, monitor for signs of tetany. Soft tissue calcification can
be a long-term complication of chronically elevated serum phosphate levels.
-Hypokalemia can be life-threatening. Assess for hypokalemia in patients taking
digoxin. Patients with hypokalemia are at risk for cardiac arrhythmias. Monitor for
muscle cramps and weakness, paresthesias, fatigue, anorexia, decreased bowel
motility, and an irregular heartbeat. To prevent hypokalemia, educate about
abuse of laxatives and diuretics.
- Hyperkalemia can be life-threatening. Monitor pts for arrhythmias, irritability,
paresthesias, and anxiety, as well as GI symptoms such as nausea and intestinal
colic. Prevent hyperkalemia by administering potassium correctly, according to
your facility policy. Also, avoid giving pts with renal insufficiency
potassium-saving diuretics, potassium supplements, or salt substitutes. Pts on
ACE inhibitors should avoid potassium supplements.
Lab Value - Sodium (Na )
(Serum Electrolyte) - CORRECT ANSWER-135 - 145 mEq/L
- For pts with hyponatremia, monitor fluid losses and gains, monitor for GI
symptoms (Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping) and CNS
symptoms (lethargy, confusion, muscle twitching, seizures), and check urine
specific gravity. Take seizure precautions when hyponatremia is severe.
- When hypernatremia is present, monitor fluid losses and gains, and monitor for
changes in behavior such as restlessness, lethargy, and disorientation. Look for
, excessive thirst and elevated body temp and check urine specific gravity. Give
sufficient water with tube feedings to keep serum NA+ and BUN at normal limits.
DKA (Diabetic Ketoacidosis) - Early S & S - CORRECT ANSWER-Thirst or very
dry mouth, polyuria, high blood glucose levels, high level of ketones in the urine.
DKA (Diabetic Ketoacidosis) - Late S & S - CORRECT ANSWER-Constantly
tired, dry or flushed skin, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, difficulty breathing,
FRUITY BREATH, and confusion.
Serum Electrolytes - CORRECT ANSWER-Na - 136 to 145
K - 3.5 to 5
Ca - 9 to 10.5
Mg - 1.3 to 2.1
P - 3 to 4.5
Cl - 98 to 106
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