,1. A 63-year-old male with a history of chronic heart failure presents with
acute dyspnea and orthopnea. Which of the following would be the most
appropriate initial diagnostic test?
A) Chest X-ray
B) Echocardiogram
C) B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) testing
D) Cardiac catheterization
Correct Answer: C) BNP testing
Rationale: BNP testing is a quick, non-invasive diagnostic tool that helps
in differentiating cardiac from pulmonary causes of dyspnea.
2. A patient is diagnosed with aortic stenosis. Which of the following
symptoms would they most likely exhibit?
A) High-pitched diastolic murmur
B) Low-pitched holosystolic murmur
C) Crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur
D) Continuous machine-like murmur
Correct Answer: C) Crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur
Rationale: Aortic stenosis typically presents with a crescendo-
decrescendo systolic murmur heard best at the right upper sternal
border.
,3. During a stress test, a patient develops ST-segment depression of 2mm
in leads II, III, and aVF. What does this most likely indicate?
A) Right ventricular hypertrophy
B) Left ventricular hypertrophy
C) Inferior myocardial ischemia
D) Anterior myocardial ischemia
Correct Answer: C) Inferior myocardial ischemia
Rationale: ST-segment depression in leads II, III, and aVF is indicative of
inferior wall ischemia.
4. A patient with myocardial infarction is at risk for which complication in
the first 24 hours post-event?
A) Ventricular aneurysm
B) Dressler's syndrome
C) Ventricular fibrillation
D) Cardiac tamponade
Correct Answer: C) Ventricular fibrillation
Rationale: Ventricular fibrillation is a common early complication of
myocardial infarction due to myocardial irritability.
5. Which medication is considered first-line treatment for a patient with
newly diagnosed hypertension?
A) Calcium channel blockers
, B) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
C) Beta-blockers
D) Diuretics
Correct Answer: B) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
Rationale: ACE inhibitors are often first-line therapy for hypertension
due to their protective effects on the kidneys and heart.
6. A patient with a history of mitral valve prolapse most likely exhibits
which of the following on physical examination?
A) A high-pitched diastolic murmur
B) A midsystolic click followed by a late systolic murmur
C) A low-pitched holosystolic murmur
D) A continuous machine-like murmur
Correct Answer: B) A midsystolic click followed by a late systolic
murmur
Rationale: Mitral valve prolapse is typically associated with a
midsystolic click and a late systolic murmur due to the prolapse of the
mitral valve leaflets.
7. In a patient with suspected myocardial infarction, which of the
following lab tests would be most indicative of cardiac damage?
A) Complete blood count (CBC)
B) Liver function tests (LFTs)
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