HESI PN MENTAL HEALTH EXAM WITH COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS(DETAILED
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A married male client with three children has lost his job and states that he
feels useless. He is tearful, upset, and embarrassed. What is an appropriate
objective of care for this client?
1. Limiting tearfulness
2. Increasing self-esteem
3. Controlling feelings of sadness
4. Promoting acceptance by others - ANSWER-2. Increasing self-esteem
The loss of a job can precipitate negative feelings about the self and decrease
self-esteem. Feelings should be expressed, not limited; attempting to decrease
a client's crying often ends up worsening it. Crying is not necessarily an
expression of sadness; other feelings are involved. The focus should be on the
client's self-acceptance, not acceptance by others.
A 44-year-old client has been unable to function since her husband asked for a
divorce 2 weeks ago. She is brought to the crisis intervention center by a friend.
What type of crisis is this situation?
Situational crises involve an unanticipated loss, such as a divorce, that is
threatening to the client. Social crises involve multiple losses such as those
occurring during major disasters. Maturational crises occur in response to
stress experienced as one struggles with developmental tasks. Developmental
(maturational) crises are associated with developmental tasks; divorce is not a
developmental task.
A resident in a nursing home recently immigrated to the United States from
Italy. How does the nurse plan to provide emotional support?
1. By offering choices consistent with the client's heritage
2. By ensuring that the client understands American beliefs
3. By assisting the client in adjusting to the American culture
4. By correcting the client's misconceptions about appropriate health practices
- ANSWER-1. By offering choices consistent with the client's heritage
Adherence to a plan of care is enhanced by the nurse's providing choices
consistent with the client's cultural beliefs and practices. The nurse's cultural or
personal beliefs and biases should not influence or interfere with the
implementation of appropriate care. Helping the client adjust to the American
culture is not the priority at this time; care should be adapted to the client's
needs and culture. The person's cultural practices should not be addressed
unless they are detrimental to the person's health.
A nurse should reassess an older adult client's needs and current plan of care
when the client's behavior indicates the development of what symptom?
The development of confusion indicates that the client's ability to maintain
equilibrium has not been achieved and that further disequilibrium is occurring.
Hypochondriasis and additional complaints do not indicate that the plan needs
to be changed unless the client's history demonstrates no prior use of these
defenses. Increased socialization is a positive response to the plan of care that
does not require reassessment.
An injured child is brought to the emergency department by the parents. While
interviewing the parents, the nurse begins to suspect child abuse. Which
parental behaviors might support this conclusion? Select all that apply.
1. Demonstrating concern for the injured child
2. Focusing on the child's role in sustaining the injury
3. Changing the story of how the child sustained the injury
4. Asking questions about the injury and the child's prognosis
5. Giving an explanation of how the injury occurred that is not consistent with
the injury - ANSWER-2. Focusing on the child's role in sustaining the injury
3. Changing the story of how the child sustained the injury
5. Giving an explanation of how the injury occurred that is not consistent with
the injury
The child is often made the scapegoat in the situation; the parents blame the
child because they have unrealistic expectations of the child. Discrepancies or
inconsistencies in the history result from attempts to present a story that is not
, based in fact. Discrepancies between the parental explanation for the child's
injuries and the physical findings or discrepancies in the history that each
parent gives are common because the information that is being provided is not
based in fact. Abusive parents usually do not ask questions about the injury or
prognosis and demonstrate little or no interest in their child's well-being.
A nurse is planning to teach a client about self-care. What level of anxiety will
best enhance the client's learning abilities?
Mild anxiety motivates one to action, such as learning or making changes.
Higher levels of anxiety tend to blur the individual's perceptions and interfere
with functioning. Attention is severely reduced by panic. The perceptual field is
greatly reduced with severe anxiety and narrowed with moderate anxiety.
A nurse is caring for depressed older adults. What precipitating factors for
depression are most common in the older adult without cognitive problems?
Select all that apply.
1. Dementia
2. Multiple losses
3. Declines in health
4. A milestone birthday
5. An injury requiring hospitalization - ANSWER-2. Multiple losses
3. Declines in health
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