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AP Government, Unit 1 Vocab questions & answers 100% correct.
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AP Government, Unit 1 Vocab questions& answers 100% correct.
traditional democratic theory ANS - rests upon a number of key principles that specify
how governmental decisions are made in a democracy
pluralism ANS - a theory of government and politics emphasizing that politics is mainly
a competition among groups, each one pressing for its own preferred policies;
bargaining and compromise - best policy emerges; both sides win
hyperpluralsim ANS - wider variety of interest groups (too many) - many unequal power
and unequal access, some are more well known than others; fragmented political
system (too many points of entry into the system); no one wins
elite and class theory ANS - small number of interest group that has influence
controlled by those with power (particularly big businesses); big businesses run policies,
not politicians; policies benefit corporate interest and the wealthy win
political systems model ANS - focuses on the process steps rather than influence or
power;
"black box"
input -> policy making -> output
input comes from the citizens and their opinions
policies emerges as "output" that affect citizens
natural rights ANS - rights inherent in human beings, not dependent on government,
which include life, liberty, and property; came from John Locke's theories of government
and was widely accepted by America's Founding Fathers
limited government ANS - the idea that certain restrictions should be placed on
government to protect the natural rights of citizens
John Locke ANS - English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in
which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which
the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty
and property
Articles of Confederation ANS - the first constitution of the United States, adopted by
Congress in 1777 and enacted in 1781; established a national legislature, the
Continental Congress, but most authority rested with the state legislatures
, faction ANS - interest groups arising from the unequal distribution of property or wealth
that James Madison attacked in Federalist Paper No. 10
writ of habeas corpus ANS - a court order requiring jailers to explain to a judge why
they are holding a prisoner in custody
separation of powers ANS - a feature of the Constitution that requires each of the three
branches of government to be relatively independent of the others so that one cannot
control the others; power is shared among the three institutions
checks and balances ANS - features of the Constitution that limit government's power
by requiring that power be balanced among the different governmental institutions;
these institutions continually constrain one another's activities
federalists ANS - supporters of the U.S. Constitution at the time the states were
contemplating its adoption
anti-federalists ANS - opponents of the American Constitution at the time when the
states were contemplating its adoptions
Federalist Papers ANS - a collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John
Jay, and James Madison under the name "Publius" to defend the Constitution in detail
10th amendment ANS - powers not delegated to the national government or denied to
the states are reserved for the states or the people
Bill of Rights ANS - the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, drafted in
response to some of the Anti-Federalist concerns; basic liberties as freedom of religion,
speech, and press and guarantee defendant's rights
federalism ANS - a way of organizing a nation so that two or more levels of government
have formal authority over the same land and people; system of shared power between
units of governments
unitary governments ANS - a way of organizing a nation so that all power resides in the
central government; most nation governments today like this
enumerated powers ANS - powers of the federal government that are specifically
addressed in the Constitution; for Congress, these powers are listed in Article I, Section
8, and include the power to coin money, regulate its value, and impose taxes
implied powers ANS - powers of the federal government that go beyond those
enumerated in the Constitution; the Constitution states that Congress has the power to
"make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution" the powers
enumerated in Article I
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