Penn Foster Veterinary Pharmacology Final Exam with Complete Solutions Distinguish between hormonal, endocrine, and reproductive drugs Correct answer Hormonal drugs are like messengers that regulate various body functions, endocrine drugs specifically target the endocrine system, and reproductive drugs focus on enhancing fertility or treating reproductive disorders. Describe how drugs affect the nervous system Correct answer Drugs affect the nervous system by acting at the synaptic junctions to promote neurotransmitter's activity, mimic their actions, or block them from acting. Identify examples of respiratory drugs Correct answer Expectorants, mucolytics, antitussives, bronchodilators, decongestants List which drugs are used to relieve pain and inflammation Correct answer NSAIDs, Opioids, Antihistamines, muscle relaxers, steroids, nerve blocks Summarize the difference between ophthalmic and otic drugs Correct answer Ophthalmic drugs are for the eyes and otic drugs are for the ears Compare and contrast cardiovascular and gastrointestinal drugs Correct answer Describe how antiparasitic drugs work Correct answer Antiparasitic drugs work by destroying parasites or inhibiting their growth. Most work by interfering with the parasite's nervous system to prevent them from moving. Discuss why replacement drugs are often necessary for animal health Correct answer Explain the veterinary technician's role in inventory control Correct answer keeping the staff informed regarding discontinued items, knowing the dates on which backordered items will be released from the vendor, packing up goods awaiting return to the vendor (e.g., expired items), rotating stock correctly, maintaini ng current prices on all products, organizing inventory Penn Foster Veterinary Pharmacology Final Exam with Complete Solutions for ease of location and counting, receiving and inspecting orders on arrival at the veterinary facility, and learning about new products. Define: Agonist Correct answer Drug that has affinity for a receptor/stimulates receptor into action Define: Contraindication Correct answer A reason not to use a drug in a particular situation Define: Efficacy Correct answer the degree to which a drug produces its desired response. Define: Over -the-counter drug Correct answer One that may be purchased without prescription from a veterinarian Define: Prescription Drug Correct answer One that must be used under the supervision of a veterinarina Define: Receptor Correct answer a group of specialized molecules on or in a cell that bind with a drug to produce an effect Define: Therapeutic Index Correct answer expresses the relationship between a drug's therapeutic and harmful effects Define: Withdrawl Time Correct answer Amount of time that must elapse between the end of drug therapy and elimination of that drug from patients tissues or products Define: Veterinarian -client -patient relationship Correct answer Relationship that must exist between the vet, the patient, and the owner before prescription drugs can be dispensed. Penn Foster Veterinary Pharmacology Final Exam with Complete Solutions List 4 sources of drugs used in Vet Med Correct answer Animal product, plant material, minerals, synthetic products What are 4 components of a drug regimen? Correct answer Dose, route, frequency, and duration of administration. Discuss the conditions that must be met before a valid veterinarian -client -patient relationship can be shown to exist Correct answer 1.vet must assume responsibility for making clinical judgments in relation to health of the animal. 2. Vet must have recently seen the animal and be acquainted with it's care. 3.Vet must be available for follow -up care of the animal Discuss the responsibilities of a vet tech in the administration of drug orders Correct answer To carry out the vet's orders correctly. should read the drug label three times to ensure proper drug is being administered and should take care to administer correct dose by correct route. Should be aware of the expected affects and potenti al adverse side effects and be able to monitor the patient. Describe the sequence of events that a drug undergoes from administration to excretion Correct answer Drug is absorbed (or placed directly) into the bloodstream, the drug may bind with plasma in the blood or may exist in free state, circulating blood distributes drug to capillary level where it leaves circulation and enters interstitial flui d. it bathes the cell and allows drug to bind to cell surface receptors or enter the cell. It then exits the cell and moves back into interstitial fluid, reenters circulation, and is transported to liver for metabolism. The metabolite is then transported t o kidneys for excretion. List 11 possible routes for administering a drug to a patient. Correct answer Oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intraarterial, intracardiac, intramedullary, inhalation, topical, intradermal Penn Foster Veterinary Pharmacology Final Exam with Complete Solutions List some of the factors that influence drug absorption Correct answer Method of absorption, pH of the drug and ionization status, absorptive surface area, blood supply to area, solubility of drug, dosage form, status of GI tract, and interactions with other drugs Most biotransformation occurs in the_____ Correct answer Liver Most drug excretion occurs via the ______ Correct answer Kidneys Drugs usually produce their effects by combining with specific cellular_____ Correct answer Receptors The drug name chosen by the manufacturer and is exclusive property of that company is called Correct answer Trade/Proprietary Name What are the 6 items that must be included on drug label? Correct answer names (generic and trade) concentration, quantity, name and address of manufacturer, control or lot number, expiration date What are three government agencies that regulate the development, approval, and use of animal health products? Correct answer FDA, EPA, USDA Why do many vet clinics dispense rather than prescribe most of the drugs that they use? Correct answer Profit earned from selling products Describe the marketing of animal health products Correct answer Purchased from manufacturers, distributors, or generic mail order companies. May be sold only one label to graduate veterinarians and under another as over -the-counter
