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HIUS 222 Exam 2 Questions & answers
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HIUS 222 Exam 2 Questions & answers
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HIUS 222 Exam 2President William McKinley, 1897-1901 - ANS-His presidency coincided with the rise of
the United States as an emerging global power.
The Spanish-American War (1898) - ANS-• A brief military conflict between the United
States and Spain in 1898 over Cuban independence.
• "A splendid little war"
•Stunning the US success with few casualties
Spanish American War - ANS-• Spain recognized the independence
• US became a status quo power, and a power among the first rank
• Marked the rise of the US as a superpower
1900 Presidential Campaign - ANS-William Mckinley
William Jennings Bryan
William McKinley, Republican Nominee for President, 1900 - ANS-America was
prosperous at home—the depression and ended in 1897—and successful military
abroad
William Mckinley - ANS-Selected 41-year-old Governor of New York, Theodore
Roosevelt, as his running mate.
Theodore Roosevelt - ANS-• Born in New York in 1858 to a wealthy family
• Sickly youth
• Graduated from Harvard in early 1880's
• Was an early and enthusiastic promoter of American power and string navy.
• Published his Masters thesis, "The Naval War of 1812" in 1884
TR - ANS-• Became a member of the NY state legislature in 1882, and began
combating corporate corruption.
• Tragedy struck in 1884: His wife of 4 years and his mother both died on the same
day-- 14 February
• Spent most of 1885 out west in the Dakotas.
• Married his childhood neighbor, Edith, in 1886
From 1889 to 1895, he served on the Civil Service Commission, a staunch advocate of
civil service reform.
,TR - ANS-• In 1895, he became New York City Police Commissioner, creating a bicycle
squad, standardizing police weapons, installing telephones in station houses, requiring
firearm and physical inspections for police officers.
• Assistant Secretary of the Navy, 1897-98
• Served in the Spanish-American war as colonel of the 1st US volunteer Calvary
("Rough Riders")
TR - ANS-• Led the decisive charge up San Juan heights outside of Santiago, Cuba in
the summer of 1898.
• Elected Governor of New York in 1898
William Jennings Bryan, Democratic Nominee for President, 1900 - ANS-Criticized
American imperialism Insisted the U.S. was "a republic and not an empire".
Also once again emphasized "free silver"
President William McKinley, 1897-1901 - ANS-Enjoyed travelling and giving speeches.
Also liked the telephone, installing first telephones in the White House.
The McKinley Assassination - ANS-On 6 September 1901, President McKinley was shot
by an anarchist, Leon Czolgoz, in Buffalo, New York.
He died on 14 September 1901.
President Theodore Roosevelt, 1901-1909 - ANS-Became the youngest president at 42
Progressivism - ANS-A reform movement that lasted from 1901 to 1917
Characteristics of Progressivism - ANS-1. It was grounded middle class alienation
against the extremes of wealth and poverty in late 19th century America
Class friction at the dawn of the 20th century - ANS-In 1900, the population of the US
was around 76 million. Wealthy capitalists, manufactures, merchants, landowners,
executives, professionals, and their families made up only about 2% of the population.
"The Leisure Class" - ANS-1. They glorified the power of individual will, and attributed
the hardships of the poor not an unfair economic system but to individual shortcomings.
The Leisure Class - ANS-2. They departed from tradition and sent their sons out of the
home at an early age.
, • Instead of bringing tutors to teach their children at home, they sent their sons off to
exclusive boarding schools in New England, such as Groton or St. Paul's
The Leisure Class... - ANS-3. They were unusually willing to break up the home.
• As late as 1920, the divorce rate in the US was less than 1%
• 20% of the Americans worth $20 million or more who were born between 1865 and
1900 were divorced
The Leisure Class.... - ANS-4. While the middle class glorified hard work limited leisure,
and warily viewed consumption, the upper class (by the end of the 19th century)
concluded that life should be about pleasure and the accumulation of wealth.
The Leisure Class..... - ANS-5. Used their free hours, days, and months to enjoy a host
of pleasures: mansions, yachts, and private railways.
• Their homes demonstrated
The working Class - ANS-Lived by a different set of cultural rules—rules that also
challenged "individualism"
• The constraints and uncertainties of life—low wages, lay-offs, accidents, limited
opportunity, and early death—made individualism problematic.
• Workers often had to both deny self and depend on other to survive.
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (March 1911) - ANS-146 garment workers were
killed—most were young women.
No alarms.
Exits had been locked to prevent stealing.
The Middle Class - ANS-In 1900, there were 5.1 million "white collar workers in the
US—small proprietors, professionals, managers, sale workers, and clerical workers.
The Middle Class... - ANS-With individualism in disrepute, the middle class turned to
some other creed—social action.
Jane Addams, Hull House - ANS-Came from a middle class family.
Wanted to find a place for herself in the world.
Founded Hull House in Chicago in 1889 to help recently arrived immigrants who made
up the working class neighborhood.
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