EEOB 4550 Final Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers Latest Version 2024 Verified
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Much of what we know about the song control system has come from studies of one particular songbird,
the... - zebra finch
how is bird song a possible model for human speech? -
- learned system of vocal communication
- structurally complex
- sensitive phase for learning exists
- genetically-g...
EEOB 4550 Final Exam Questions with
100% Correct Answers | Latest Version
2024 | Verified
Much of what we know about the song control system has come from studies of one particular songbird,
the... - ✔✔zebra finch
how is bird song a possible model for human speech? - ✔✔
- learned system of vocal communication
- structurally complex
- sensitive phase for learning exists
- genetically-guided behavior
- evidence that vocal production is lateralized within the brain
what is a bird song? - ✔✔long complex vocalization produced by a male in possession of a breeding
territory
song learning phases (+ short description) - ✔✔
- sensitive phase (period of time when a young bird learns what it hears and is remembering those)
- crystallized song (singing a recognizable species-specific song)
why do zebra finch not have a long subsong period? - ✔✔because they are not seasonal breeders
song learning is constrained by: - ✔✔
- age or experience
- acoustic selectivity (genetically guided part)
,- social/auditory interactions during sensitive & sensorimotor phase
explain bird song experiment - ✔✔- raised in isolation birds never hear a tutor song and during babbling
phase the song will follow the same general pattern as the normal song, but clearly not identifiable as a
crystallized song for that species
- raised in isolation and deafened, the male will produce a difference in the pattern they produce
(suggests genetic component)
how do birds learn their song? - ✔✔- selective learning is genetically-guided
- memorize songs and use to guide own singing
- select subset of songs based on experience
how does song learning vary? - ✔✔- timing or when learning occurs
- how many songs (repertoire size)
- need for early exposure to tutor or can learn in isolation?
- reliance on template
- imitate tutor song or use a basis for own, unique song?
how are complex sounds produced in bird songs? - ✔✔- variations in syrinx function underlie variability
in vocalizations
- labia are connected to muscle that pull and move them across the airway
how is bird song behavior controlled? - ✔✔starts in HVC goes to RA which sends output to nXII and
Am/RAm which then sends to skeletal muscles in syrinx
anterior forebrain pathway
(bird song) - ✔✔- IMAN and area X and also includes DLM
- involves with learning and memorizing and possibly the template for the bird's own song
- back and forth communication
- HVC interacts by sending info to area X
, studying the role of a particular brain structure in production of song - ✔✔lesions: bilateral HVC lesion
results in loss of song; unilateral RA lesions do not affect pattern of syllables, but notes disrupted
stimulate neurons to activate a response
(bird song) - ✔✔- HVC: disrupt the song at one syllable (pause) but then goes on
- RA: stimulation causes a pause in the song and it starts up again (does not change pattern just duration)
if lesion area X in a young bird.... - ✔✔song does not match species-specific song (basic pattern is there
but notes don't match)
has to be there in order for the bird to begin practicing - ✔✔HVC->RA path
motor pathway must be intact for song production, but AF pathway needed... - ✔✔only during learning
what details about an object can bat obtain using sonar? - ✔✔- distance to object
- size of object
- relative velocity
- movement
- direction to object
- shape of the object
constructive interference - ✔✔two waves come in phase together and add together
destructive interference - ✔✔reflection puts them out of phase
doppler-shift in the echo - ✔✔if the echo comes back with an increasing frequency the object is moving
towards them
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