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Principles of Biology 143_ Final Exam
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Principles of Biology 143_ Final Exam
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Principles of Biology 143: Final ExamWhat are the basic building blocks that are used to construct a gene? - ANS-nucleotides
Gregor Mendel concluded that each pea has two units for each trait, and each gamete
contains one unit. Mendel's "units" are now called - ANS-genes
Peas were a good organism of choice for Mendel because - ANS-he could study one
trait at a time.
If the allele for inflated pea pods (I) is dominant to the allele for constricted pods (i), then
the cross Ii xii is expected to produce - ANS-half with inflated and half with constricted
pods.
According to the law of segregation - ANS-pairs of alleles on homologous chromosomes
separate during the formation of gametes.
A recessive allele is one - ANS-whose effect is masked when paired with a dominant
allele.
The physical manifestation of an organism's genes is its - ANS-phenotype
When the two gametes that fuse to form a zygote contain different alleles of a given
gene, the offspring is - ANS-heterozygous.
What type of allele produces its effects in only homozygous individuals? -
ANS-Recessive
When Mendel used true-breeding white flowers and true-breeding purple flowers as the
parental generation, what were the results? (Purple flower is dominant over white.) -
ANS-All of the offspring had purple flowers.
The genetic makeup of an individual is the - ANS-genotype.
In a test cross, what percentage of the offspring will have the same phenotype as the
tested parent if the parent to be tested is homozygous? - ANS-100%
Codominance occurs when - ANS-both of the alleles in a heterozygote are equally
expressed phenotypically in an individual.
, When the expression of a trait is influenced by the action of many genes, the pattern of
inheritance is called - ANS-polygenic inheritance.
Although the law of independent assortment is generally applicable, when two loci are
located physically close to each other on the same chromosome, the phenotypes of the
offspring sometimes do not fit the phenotypes predicted. This is due to - ANS-linkage.
Only males can express sex-linked traits. True or False? - ANS-False
Traits controlled by sex-linked recessive genes are expressed more often in males
because - ANS-the male has only one gene for the trait.
A man who carries a harmful sex-linked (on the X chromosome) gene will pass the gene
on to - ANS-all of his daughters.
Which of the following is the most common chromosome disorder among live-born
infants? - ANS-Down syndrome
The failure of chromosomes to segregate properly during meiosis is called -
ANS-nondisjunction
The "one-gene, one-enzyme" hypothesis concluded that - ANS-each allele codes for a
single type of protein.
A codon of mRNA consists of three bases that code for an amino acid. True or False? -
ANS-True
Which of the following is found in RNA but NOT in DNA? - ANS-Uracil
The process of copying genetic information from DNA to RNA is called -
ANS-transcription.
Which of the following molecules transfers information from the nucleus to the
cytoplasm? - ANS-mRNA
What is an anticodon? - ANS-Three consecutive bases in tRNA
Transfer RNA - ANS-brings amino acids to the ribosome.
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