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PMB 3212 F2022 - Midterm 3 (Ch 15)
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PMB 3212 F2022 - Midterm 3 (Ch 15)
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PMB 3212 F2022 - Midterm 3 (Ch 15)What is a Monomer? - ANS-Molecular building block that can be linked in chains/lattices
What is an example of a monomer? - ANS-glucose
What is a Polymer? - ANS-Chains/lattices of linked monomers
What is an example of a polymer? - ANS-cellulose
What is Lignocellulose? - ANS-Macromolecular structure of integrated lignin and
holocellulose polymers (aka biomass)
What is another name for lignocellulose? - ANS-biomass
What is Holocellulose? - ANS-Carbohydrate combination (hemicellulose + cellulose)
What is Cellulose? - ANS-Beta 1-4 linked polymer of glucose monomers
What is Hemicellulose? - ANS-Multiple polymer types of C5 and C6 sugars, including
xylose
What is C5/C6 sugars? - ANS-Fermentable monomer carbohydrates (glucose, xylose,
arabinose, galactose, mannose)
Between hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin, which has the most irregular structure? -
ANS-lignin
Which component of lignocellulose is crystalline? - ANS-cellulose
What components of lignocellulose can be amorphous? - ANS-cellulose and
hemicellulose
What are the simplified steps of biofuel processing? - ANS-1. Biomass production and
delivery
2. Pretreatment - pulverized biomass is pretreated with heat and chemicals to make
cellulose accessible to enzymes
, 3. Cellulose Hydrolysis - Enzymes are added to break down cellulose chains into sugars
4. Sugar Fermentation - microbes ferment sugars into ethanol and other biofuels
5. Biofuel Processing
What are the more technical steps of biofuel production? - ANS-1. Biomass production
and delivery
2. Dilute H2SO4 + NH4OH Conditioning
3. Enzyme Acquisition + Saccharification
4. C5/C6 Conversion
5. Biofuel Processing
What is SSF? - ANS-Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation
(combines Saccharification of step 3 with C5/C6 conversion in fermentation step 4)
What is the "Billion Ton" Study? - ANS-Estimating the "sustainable" supply of renewable
plant biomass for a bioeconomy
What do Ligninases do? - ANS-degrade lignin
What are the 4 major ligninases? - ANS-Lignin Peroxidase
Manganese peroxidase
Versatile peroxidase
Laccase
What is Lignin peroxidase? - ANS-A lignin peroxidase
Most prevalent
breaks lignin bonds
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