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PALS study guide Questions & answers
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PALS study guideIf the pulse rate on the pulse ox differs from the EKG monitor the O2 saturation reading
is - ANS-not reliable, the child needs oxygen in spite of possible O2 saturation above
94%.
A BP reading of what in a neonate is considered hypotension when? - ANS-of less than
60 systolic
What airway obstruction is characterized by tachypnea, increased respiratory effort,
cough, stridor, and poor air oxygenation? - ANS-upper airway obstruction
Typical signs and symptoms of upper airway obstruction occur predomintly during the
what phase of respiratory cycle? - ANS-inspiratory phase
This is an abnormal breathing pattern that produces inadequate respiratory rate or effort
that is usually associated with neurological disorders such as brain tumors, seizures,
head injury, hydrocephalus or neuromuscular disease? - ANS-disordered control of
breathing
Increased work of breathing and tachypnea in a toddler may be classified as what? -
ANS-as respiratory distress rather than failure
Moderate stridor and retractions along with a seal bark cough in a toddler may be best
managed by administration of what? - ANS-nebulizer epi
The child who presents with severe respiratory distress and signs of anaphylaxis must
be treated promptly with what? - ANS-IM/IV epi/corticosteroids as well as nebulized
albuterol.
Defined as a critical condition that results from inadequate tissue delivery of O2 and
nutrients to meet tissue metabolic demands? - ANS-shock
Infants have tiny hearts and increase their cardiac output primarily by what? -
ANS-increasing heart rate
In order to recognize shock early, the health care provider must recognize signs of
compensated shock such as what? - ANS-tachycardia, increased stroke volume, and
increased cardiac contractility
, Increased systemic vascular resistance or vasoconstriction may be recognized clinically
in the child who has what? - ANS-cold extremities, poorly palpable peripheral pulses,
delated capillary refill time
Stroke volume may be maintained in early shock by increased what? - ANS-increased
contraction and venoconstriction which increases venous return to the heart, thus
increasing preload.
Anxiety, tachycardia, delayed capillary refill time, and a normal BP in a young child
indicate what type of shock? - ANS-compensated shock
Elevated temperature, lethargy, tachycardia, tachypnea may be associated with what
type of shock? - ANS-distributive shock
The child who is febrile, lethargic, tachycardia, apthypneic, hypotensive, with a delayed
capillary refill time needs immediate IV/IO access and administration of what? -
ANS-fluid bolus such as normal saline or ringers lactate at 20 ml/kg over 5-10 minutes.
The appropriate fluid bolus for shock resuscitation in the child with a normal heart is
what? - ANS-20 ml/kg of isotonic crystalloid (normal saline)
In a child with serious signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock, the quickest and best
way to establish vascular access is via the what route? - ANS-IO route
the correct intervention when a child presents with severe respiratory distress, low
oxygen saturation, absent breath sounds on the right side of the chest, and signs of
obstructive shock is what - ANS-needle decompression of the right chest
when an infants heart rate falls to 70 bpm when suctioned, the health care provider
must administer what - ANS-oxygen and ensure adequate oxygenation
the correct treatment for a child who suddenly develops a heart rate of 240 bpm and
has palpitations and dizziness is what - ANS-vagal maneuvers
the correct way to perform vagal maneuvers on an infant with SVT and adequate
perfusion is what - ANS-ice on the face over the upper half
the correct intervention to perform when a child presents with lethargy, SVT, and signs
and symptoms of inadequate perfusion is what - ANS-cardioversion at 0.5-1 J/kg
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