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Summary Grade 12 Agricultural sciences Notes
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This document consists of summary notes on the aspects and content covered in grade 12 Agricultural sciences
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Mambane Secondary School Agricultural Sciences Grade 12 NotesAGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
NOTES
GRADE 12 (2022)
“AGRICULTURE IS MY CULTURE”
COMPILED BY MR MASHABA F.S.
SURNAME : …………………………………………
FULLNAMES :………………………………………….
CLASS :……………….
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,Mambane Secondary School Agricultural Sciences Grade 12 Notes
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
The following sources are acknowledged for using their information:
➢ Study and master agricultural sciences grade 12
➢ Focus on agricultural sciences grade 12
Almost all the information in the notes was compiled using the above-mentioned
sources for the Mambane secondary school grade 12 learners. Therefore, the notes
are NOT FOR SALE. I the compiler apologise for any errors or omissions and invite
copyright holders to contact me if any have occurred, so that we can rectify them.
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,Mambane Secondary School Agricultural Sciences Grade 12 Notes
ANIMAL NUTRITION
➢ Animal nutrition is the food that animals eat, the way it is digested and used
in the animal’s body.
Fundamental processes in the digestive system
➢ Ingestion is the process whereby food is taken into the mouth.
➢ Digestion is the process whereby food molecules are broken down into small
particles.
Two types of digestions are; Mechanical digestion and Chemical digestion.
➢ Absorption is the process whereby the digested food is taken up by the
blood streams.
➢ Assimilation is the movement of food to different cells of the body.
➢ Secretion is the process whereby digestive juices are released by different
organs of the body.
➢ Egestion/excretion is the elimination of waste out of the body.
Ruminants and Non-ruminants
Figure 1.1.1 Examples of ruminants & non-ruminants animals
Examples of ruminant animals
➢ Cattle
➢ Sheep
➢ Goats
Examples of non-ruminant animals
➢ Fowl
➢ Pig
➢ Donkey
➢ Horses
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, Mambane Secondary School Agricultural Sciences Grade 12 Notes
Comparison of external structure of the alimentary canal of ruminants and non-
ruminants
Ruminants Non-ruminants
➢ Polygastric ➢ Monogastric
➢ Complex stomach ➢ Simple stomach
➢ Digest food with high quality fibre ➢ Cannot digest food with high
and cellulose quality fibre and cellulose
➢ Chew their food partially, ➢ Chew their food properly and
regurgitate later and re-chew. swallow it once
Figure 1.1.2 the external structure of the alimentary canal of a goat
Figure 1.1.3 the external structure of the alimentary canal of a cow
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