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Class notes ELECTRIC CHARGE AND FIELD
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Revision quick and smart on electric charge and fields and capacitors
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Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
1. Which statement among the following is false regarding Gauss’s law? (a) Gauss’s law holds for any closed surface. (b) In Gauss’s law, the term “q” on the right side of the equation represents the total charge enclosed within the surface. (c) When a system exhibits symmetry, Gauss’s law may not be beneficial for calculating the electrostatic field. (d) Gauss’s law is derived from Coulomb’s law, which contains an inverse square dependence on distance.
Answer: (c) When a system exhibits symmetry, Gauss’s law may not be particularly useful for calculating the electrostatic field.
2.
2. Assume a system inside which there are different types of charges, but the total charge is practically zero. At points outside the given region (a) the electric field must be zero. (b) the electric field is caused solely by the dipole moment of the charge distribution. (c) For large distances (r) from the origin, the dominant electric field is inversely proportional to r3. (d) if a charged particle is moved along a closed path away from a region, the work done will not be zero.
Answer: (c) For large distances (r) from the origin, the dominant electric field is inversely proportional to r3.
3.
3. The quantisation of charge implies that (a) it is not possible for a charge to be a fraction of the charge on an electron. (b) charges cannot be destroyed (c) charge exists on particles, and there is a minimum allowable charge for a particle.
Answer: (a) it is not possible for a charge to be a fraction of the charge on an electron.
4.
4. If a parrot sits on a bare high-voltage power line, it will: (a) receive a mild shock (b) receive a strong shock (c) be killed instantly (d) not be affected significantly.
Answer: (d) not be affected significantly
5.
5. If two conducting spheres are charged separately and then connected, the following may occur: (a) The electrostatic energy of the spheres will be conserved. (b) the total charge on the spheres is conserved (c) Both the electrostatic energy and charge will be conserved. (d) None of the above.
Answer: (b) the total charge on the spheres is conserved
Content preview
CHAPTER 1: ELECTRIC CHARGE AND FIELDINTRODUCTION:
Have you ever heard a crackle or seen a spark while taking off your
synthetic clothes or sweater, especially in dry weather? How about some
explanation about this phenomenon? Another example of electric
discharge is the lightning that we see in the sky during thunderstorms.
All these experiences are the result of the discharge of electric charges
through your body that accumulated due to the rubbing of insulating
surfaces. It is also caused due to the generation of static electricity.
CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes Chapter 1 Electric Charges and Fields
discusses these facts in detail. Electrostatics deals with the study of
forces, fields and potentials arising from static charges.
ELECTERIC CHARGE:
The term ‘electricity’ is derived from Elektron, a Greek word meaning
amber. The properties of matter, atoms and molecules are determined
by the magnetic and electric forces present in them. There are also only
2 kinds of an entity called the ELECTRIC CHARGE.
An experiment conducted also suggested that there are two kinds of
electrification wherein (i) like charges repel and (ii) unlike charges attract
each other. The property that differentiates these 2 kinds of charges is
called the polarity of charge.
CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS:
When an experiment was conducted on electric charges due to frictional
electricity, it was found that conductors assist in the movement of electric
charge, but insulators do not behave in the same manner. Metal, Earth,
and human bodies are all examples of conductors, while porcelain,
nylon, and wood all offer high resistance to the passage of electricity
through them as they are insulators.
, PROPERTIES OF A CHARGE:
An electric charge has three fundamental properties:
Quantization- This property states that the total charge of a body
represents the integral multiple of a basic quantum of charge.
Additive- This property of electric charges represents the total
charge of a body as the algebraic sum of all the singular charges
acting on the system.
Conservation- This property states that the total charge of a
system remains unaffected by time. In other words, when objects
get charged due to friction, a transfer of charge from one object to
another occurs. Charges can neither be created nor destroyed.
COULOMB’S LAW:
Coulomb’s law states that the mutual electrostatic force existing between
two point charges, A and B, is proportional to their product which is AB
and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
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