Anthropology 1001 LSU Final Exam Questions with Correct Answers
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Course
Anthropology 1001
Institution
Anthropology 1001
What are the main changes that occurred from australopithecines to Homo? Smaller, flatter face; reduction in size of dentition; scavenging and tool making
What australopithecine species did we most likely evolve from? Australopithicus robustus
What evidence do we have for reorganization and expan...
Anthropology 1001 LSU Final Exam Questions with Correct Answers What are the main changes that occurred from australopithecines to Homo? ✅Smaller, flatter face; reduction in size of dentition; scavenging and tool making What australopithecine species did we most likely evolve from? ✅Australopithicus robustus What evidence do we have for reorganization and expansion of the human brain? ✅Tool use Enamel degradation Larger Brain size Homo habilis characteristics and features of its hand and foot ✅• 2-1.4 Million years ago • Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania • Larger brain biped • Parabolic plate, small teeth • Fingers are transitional between curved and more modern straight fingers o Proportions suggest human -like grip o FIRST TOOL USERS (Olduwan) .No divergent big toe Be able to explain the controversy between ER 1470 and ER 1813; "Homo rudolfensis" ✅The differences in the two fossils lead to a debate as to whether they are just two very different Habilis individuals possibly different sex, or a completely different species Stone tools: what are they, how do we know how they were made and what were they used for? ✅Cutting edge tool Made through percussion We know through modern flint knappers/ experimental archaeology Uses: skin animals, removing meat, digging What type of fracture patterns do we look for at a site when a carnivore has manipulated the assemblage versus when a hominin manipulates the assemblages? ✅• Carnivores will eat marrow at end of bone because it is softer • Hominin will use stone tools to crack the bone in the middle to get marrow Oldowan Industry ✅First stone tool industry, LOWER PALEOLITHIC; V shape Hammerstones; Found in Africa, and republic of Georgia Lower Paleolithic (2.5 million - 200 Ka) ✅First tool technology; Homo habilis, Homo ergaster Middle Paleolithic (200 -45 Ka) ✅Homo neandertalensis Mousterian Technology Anatomically modern humans Upper Paleolithic (45 Ka - 10 Ka) ✅Distinguishable culture How are brain structure and diet correlated and how do they influence behavior? ✅• Increased protein consumption in higher meat based diet linked to increase in brain size Omnivorous requires tools What cultural features are associated with Homo erectus? ✅Culture: Fire, Redefine stone tools, Caring for elders What is significant about the fossil distribution of Homo erectus? ✅Found in Africa, Europe, and Asia Suggested that they are very adaptable? What are some examples of Homo erectus in the Old World? ✅• Zhoukoudian, China: "peking man" • Kenya, Africa: Nariokotome Boy (Most complete H. erectus found) • Ceprano, Italy: Ceprano Man Where was Homo erectus first found? ✅Indonesia Black and Weidenreich ✅discovered "peking man" Group of 40 male/female adults and children H. erectus fossils Acheulean Industry ✅1.4 Ma - 300 Ka Hand axe, cleavers and picks "Homo ergaster" vs Homo erectus ✅• "Homo ergaster" is thought to be a direct ancestor to Homo erectus just found in Africa What are some of the possible anatomical clues to language? ✅• Language about 2 million years old • Hyoid placement • Reorganization of brain • Hypoglossal canal (allows for more movement of tongue) Who is H. naledi? ✅• ~2 Ma
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