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All about python programming for beginners
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Getting User Input and ConcatenationThe input() function
Used to get user input
Returns a string value
Can be concatenated with other strings
Concatenation
Joining two or more strings together
Use the + operator for concatenation
Example
name = input("What is your name? ")
print("Hello, " + name)
ValueError
Occurs when an operation or function receives a value of an
inappropriate type
Example: Trying to convert a string to an integer using the int()
function and the string does not contain a number
age = int(input("What is your age? "))
Displaying Results
Use the print() function
Accepts any number of arguments
Separate arguments with commas
Age Calculator Concept
Create a program that calculates a user's age
Get user's birth year and current year
Calculate the difference between the two
Display the result using the print() function
,birth_year = int(input("What year were you born? "))
current_year = int(input("What is the current year? "))
age = current_year - birth_year
print("You are " + str(age) + " years old.")
Getting User Input and Concatenation
Use the input() function
Get user input as a string
Concatenate strings with the + operator
Display results with the print() function
Handle ValueErrors as needed
Value Error: TypeError caused by invalid value
In Python, a ValueError is a type of exception that is raised when
an operation or function receives an argument of an inappropriate
type. This is typically caused by passing an argument of a type that
is not expected by the function or operation.
One common example of a ValueError is the TypeError, which is
raised when an operation or function receives a value of an
inappropriate type. For instance, consider the following code:
name = "John"
age = "thirty"
print(f"{name} is {age} years old.")
This code will produce the following output:
John is thirty years old.
However, this output is incorrect because the value of age is a
string, not an integer. To fix this error, we can use the int() function
to convert the string value of age to an integer:
name = "John"
age = "thirty"
,age = int(age)
print(f"{name} is {age} years old.")
This code will produce the following output:
John is 30 years old.
By using the int() function, we have converted the string value of
age to an integer, which allows the print() function to correctly
display the age of the person.
Other examples of ValueError include passing a string to a function
that expects an integer, or passing a list to a function that expects a
dictionary. In general, to avoid ValueErrors, it is important to
ensure that the arguments passed to functions and operations are
of the correct type.
It is also important to note that ValueErrors can be handled using
exception handling techniques in Python. This allows the program
to continue running even if a ValueError occurs, and provides a
way to gracefully handle and recover from the error.
In summary, ValueErrors are raised when an operation or function
receives an argument of an inappropriate type. To avoid
ValueErrors, it is important to ensure that the arguments passed to
functions and operations are of the correct type. Exception
handling techniques can also be used to handle and recover from
ValueErrors.
Displaying Results: Usage of print function
The print function is used to display results in Python. Here's how
to use it
print("Hello, World!") displays the string "Hello, World!"
print(5+3) displays the result of the arithmetic operation 5 + 3
print(5>3) displays the result of the comparison operation 5 > 3
, You can also print the values of variables:
x=5
y=3
print(x + y) displays the result of 5 + 3
Parameters and arguments
You can specify additional behavior for the print function using
parameters. Here are some examples:
print("Hello,", "World!", sep=", ") displays the text "Hello," and
"World!" separated by a comma and a space.
print("Hello, World!\n") displays the text "Hello, World!" followed
by a newline.
print("Hello, World!", end="") displays the text "Hello, World!"
without a newline.
Packages and Code Organization
When working on larger projects, it's important to organize your
code into modules and packages to make it more manageable.
Here's how to do it:
To create a module, save your Python code in a file with a .py
extension.
To create a package, create a directory and put your modules in it.
To import a module or package, use the import statement.
Implementing a Game: User Makes a Guess
Here's how to create a simple guessing game where the user has to
guess a number:
Generate a random number using the random module.
Ask the user to input their guess.
Check if the guess is correct or not using an if statement.
Implementing Emoji Converter with Dictionaries
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