Exam (elaborations)
genetics - bio 2200 shiu exam 1 Questions & answer
- Course
- Institution
genetics - bio 2200 shiu exam 1 Questions & answer
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
EXAMQA
Reviews received
Content preview
genetics - bio 2200 shiu exam 1genetics - ANS-the study of genes/heredity
why do we study genetics? - ANS-the genetic background of an individual affects its
characteristics
gene - ANS-the basic unit of inheritance
alleles - ANS-alternative forms of a gene
wild type (WT) - ANS-the standard/normal form
mutant - ANS-a form different from the wild type
genotype - ANS-genetic makeup of an organism
phenotype - ANS-observable properties of an organism
what does a minus sign mean? - ANS-it is a mutant
eukaryotes - ANS-organisms in which the genetic material is enclosed in a nucleus,
generally has (multiple) linear DNA in its nucleus and (one) circular DNA in their
organelles (mitochondria and chloroplasts), can be multi- and unicellular
Ex: mus musculus (mouse), homo sapiens (human)
prokaryotes - ANS-have no nuclei, generally has (one) circular DNA in its cytoplasm,
almost always unicellular
Ex: escherichia coli (intestinal bacterium)
Griffith's Transformation Experiment - ANS-- streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria in
mice
- showed that genetic material passed from dead bacteria into nearby living ones,
allowing them to change their cell surface (rough-->smooth)
- S strain=infectious, R strain=safe, heat killed S strain=safe, heat killed S strain + R
Strain=infectious
, - R bacteria uptake genetic material from dead S bacteria & are transformed into an
infection strain
Avery's Transformation Experiments - ANS-- lyse dead S cells
- separate cell extract from cell debris
- determine which component of the extract is capable of transforming an R strain into
an S strain
- add SIII to the cell extract (to destroy sugars/polysaccharides)--> transformation
- add protease (to destroy proteins)--> transformation
- add RNase (destroy RNA)--> transformation
- add DNase (destroy DNA) -->no transformation
- conclusion: transforming principle is DNA
Hershy-Chase Bacteriophage Experiments - ANS-- DNA is the genetic material
- bacteriophage T2 bc it only contains DNA and proteins so it has to be one
- T2 DNA labeled w radioactive phosphorus, proteins labeled w radioactive sulfur
- 32P labeled DNA found inside host, 35S labeled protein was found outside the host
- bc the T2 injects genetic material inside the host, DNA must be carrying the genetic
info
DNA vs RNA - ANS-BOTH:
- polymers composed of monomers called nucleotides
- each nucleotide is composed of a pentose sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a
phosphate group
RNA:
- pentose sugar= ribose
- has a hydroxyl group (OH)
DNA:
- pentose sugar= deoxyribose --> remove oxygen
- only has a hydrogen
- written 5' to 3'
nitrogenous bases - ANS-- nitrogen containing bases
- purines (double ring, 9 membered) A and G
- pyrimidines (one ring, 6 membered) T, C, and U (RNA)
nucleotides - ANS-base is attached by a covalent bond btwn the 1' carbon of the
pentose sugar and a nitrogen in the base
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller EXAMQA. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
79373 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now