NUR 316 Exam 4 Question & Answers, All Answered
Why do moms need to be concerned about nutrition? Role of protein, CHO, fats - Why
do moms need to be concerned about nutrition?
blood volume increases, baby/placenta/uterine growth, mammary change.
Protein - about 70g/day as opposed to 45g
fetal growth
placental growth
amniotic fluid production
blood production
growth of breast and uterus
CHO - provides main source of energy and fiber for proper bowel functioning. needs to
increase throughout pregnancy, especially during the last two trimesters. promotes weight
gain and growth of fetus, placenta, and other maternal tissues
Fats - valuable source of energy for body
fats are more completely absorbed during pregnancy
fat deposits in fetus increase from 2% mid preg to 12% at term.
essential fatty acids are important for the development of the CNS in the fetus
complete vegan proteins - beans and rice, peanut butter on whole grain bread, whole
grain cereal with soy milk
Feeling green (nauseated)?
eat dry foods
small amounts frequently (dont get hungry)
fresh air
limit fried/fatty food
eat cold food/no smell
dont brush teeth right after eating (30min)
Feeling stuck (constipated)?
eat high fiber
increase fluid
increase exercise - bowel motility
,avoid laxatives
Heartburn
small freq meals
avoid spicy
no tight clothes around tummy
dont lie down after meal
may sleep in recliner in last weeks
What foods should be avoided (types of fish, CDC recommendation) - Fish - 2-3 servings
of fully cooked fish a week. fish good for brain growth for baby.
DONT EAT - swordfish, shark, tilefish, or king mackerel.
No lunchmeat - deli (bolonga, turkey, ham).
Pregnant women can eat lunchmeat and hot dogs only if reheated until they are steaming
hot
Pica is the practice of eating non-edible stuff (clay, dirt, etc)
Limit non-nutritive sweeteners
saccharin, sucralose, stevia, aspartame
Limit energy drinks and sources of caffeine
avoid soft cheeses - feta, brie, camembert, blue
Appropriate weight gain per trimester, caloric intake in pregnancy & lactation. - If mom
is..
underweight - 28-40 lb
normal weight - 25-35 lb
overweight - 15-25 lb
obese - 11-20 lb
adolescent (young) - high end of range
short women - low end of range
twins - 44 lb has best outcome
, RDA = 300 kcal more
Lactation - 500 kcal more than non pregnant woman
minimum of 1800 kcal/day
increase Ca and iron
smoking impairs milk production
alcohol in excess impairs milk ejection reflex
caffeine: accumulated in infant thru breastmilk will be manifested as wakeful and active
baby.
1st trimester - 3.5-5 lb (1.6-2.3kg)
2nd & 3rd trimester - 1lb/week (0.5 kg/wk)
Nutritional supplements—essential vitamins and minerals necessary and why ie. Folic
acid, calcium, iron, etc. Identify what foods would supplement iron, folic acid, vitamin C
- Water - necessary for expansion of blood volume and to decrease risk of constipation
6-8 glass/day
limit caffeine intake
avoid artificial sweeteners in drinks -
Iron 27mg/day - facilitates blood cell production
if mom is anemic, there is high risk of lethargy in mom, preterm births, intolerance to
blood loss at delivery
high iron - green leafy, red meats (highest).
chicken, fish are low, pork is middle.
cook in cast iron pan (pain leeches in food and increase iron)
Guidelines for taking iron (ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), ferro sequels, ferrous fumarate)
take on empty stomach with OJ
dont take with milk, coffee, tea
keep away from kids bc of risk for toxic ingestion
instruct mom on possible stool change - black and tarry, risk for constipation
Na - no canned soup or whole bag of chips
needed due to expanding circulating fluid volume
