PYC4809 Assignment 2 (COMPLETE ANSWERS) 2024 (635137) - DUE 17 July 2024
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Course
Therapeutic Psychology (PYC4809)
Institution
University Of South Africa (Unisa)
Book
Therapeutic Approaches in Psychology
PYC4809 Assignment 2 (COMPLETE ANSWERS) 2024 (635137) - DUE 17 July 2024 ;100% TRUSTED workings, explanations and solutions. for assistance Whats-App.......0.6.7..1.7.1..1.7.3.9 .......... Section A
1. Briefly describe a therapeutic approach of your choice. (Three to four typed
pages only.) We su...
Due Date: 17 July 2024
TWO THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES PROVIDED
COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) is a widely used and evidence-based
psychotherapeutic approach that focuses on addressing problematic thought patterns and
behaviors to improve mental health and overall well-being
&
PERSON-CENTRED THERAPY
Person-centred therapy (PCT), also known as client-centred or Rogerian therapy, emerged
as one of the most influential and widespread forms of humanistic therapy thanks to Carl
Rogers. Originating in the USA during the 1950s, PCT offers a stark contrast to the
deterministic nature of both psychoanalysis and behaviorism.
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SECTION A
COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) is a widely used and evidence-based
psychotherapeutic approach that focuses on addressing problematic thought patterns
and behaviors to improve mental health and overall well-being. Developed in the
1960s by Aaron Beck, CBT has since become one of the most researched and
effective forms of psychotherapy for treating a variety of mental health conditions
(Beck & Beck, 2020). This essay will provide an overview of CBT, including its
theoretical foundations, key principles, therapeutic techniques, and applications in
clinical practice.
Theoretical Foundations
CBT is grounded in the cognitive model, which posits that our thoughts, emotions, and
behaviors are interconnected and influence one another. According to this model, it is
not external events themselves that directly cause our emotional reactions, but rather
our interpretations and perceptions of these events (Fenn & Byrne, 2013). The
cognitive model suggests that individuals develop certain core beliefs and
assumptions about themselves, others, and the world based on their experiences.
These beliefs and assumptions then shape how they interpret and respond to various
situations in their lives.
Central to CBT is the idea that maladaptive or distorted thinking patterns contribute to
the development and maintenance of psychological disorders. By identifying and
challenging these negative thought patterns, individuals can learn to develop more
balanced and realistic ways of thinking, which in turn can lead to improvements in
mood and behavior (Hofmann et al., 2012).
Principles of CBT
Understanding Cognitive Distortions
A central principle of CBT is that cognitive distortions—irrational and often automatic
thought patterns—contribute to emotional distress and behavioral issues. These
Disclaimer
Extreme care has been used to create this document, however the contents are provided “as is” without
any representations or warranties, express or implied. The author assumes no liability as a result of
reliance and use of the contents of this document. This document is to be used for comparison, research
and reference purposes ONLY. No part of this document may be reproduced, resold or transmitted in any
form or by any means.
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distortions include black-and-white thinking, overgeneralization, and catastrophizing,
among others (Burns, 2014). By identifying and challenging these harmful thought
patterns, individuals can learn to develop more balanced and realistic ways of thinking
(Hoffman et al., 2012).
The Interconnection of Thoughts, Feelings, and Behaviors
CBT posits that our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are mutually influential. Negative
thoughts can lead to uncomfortable feelings and maladaptive behaviors, which in turn
reinforce negative thinking patterns (Hofmann et al., 2014). For example, someone
with a fear of public speaking might think, "I'm going to embarrass myself," feel
anxious, and as a result, avoid public speaking opportunities, thereby reinforcing their
fear.
Active, Collaborative Approach
CBT emphasizes an active and collaborative approach between therapist and client.
This relationship is essential for effective therapy, as it involves working together to
set goals, develop strategies, and monitor progress (Fenn & Byrne, 2013).
Treatment Techniques in CBT
Cognitive Restructuring
One of the primary techniques in CBT is cognitive restructuring, which involves
identifying and challenging cognitive distortions and replacing them with more
balanced thoughts (Beck et al., 2020). For instance, if a patient believes they are
"unlovable," the therapist will guide them to find evidence that contradicts this belief,
thereby reducing its impact.
Behavioral Activation
Behavioral activation is another key component of CBT, particularly in treating
depression. It involves encouraging clients to engage in activities they find rewarding
Disclaimer
Extreme care has been used to create this document, however the contents are provided “as is” without
any representations or warranties, express or implied. The author assumes no liability as a result of
reliance and use of the contents of this document. This document is to be used for comparison, research
and reference purposes ONLY. No part of this document may be reproduced, resold or transmitted in any
form or by any means.
, +27 67 171 1739
or enjoyable, which can counteract the withdrawal and inactivity that often accompany
depressive states (Jacobson et al., 2001).
Exposure Techniques
In treating anxiety disorders, exposure techniques are frequently used. These involve
gradually exposing individuals to feared situations or stimuli in a controlled manner,
which helps to reduce the associated fear or anxiety over time (Craske et al., 2014).
Application of CBT in Specific Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
CBT is particularly effective in treating various anxiety disorders, including generalized
anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder
(OCD) (Hofmann et al., 2012). For instance, in GAD, therapists often use cognitive
restructuring to challenge the patient’s tendency to catastrophize, combined with
relaxation techniques to manage physiological symptoms of anxiety (Craske & Barlow,
2014).
Depression
In depression, CBT focuses on altering negative thought patterns and encouraging
engagement in pleasurable activities. Research has shown CBT to be as effective as
antidepressant medications in the treatment of mild to moderate depression, with
fewer side effects (Cuijpers et al., 2014).
Substance Abuse
CBT is also effective for treating substance abuse disorders. It helps individuals
identify triggers for substance use, challenge beliefs that support continued use, and
develop coping strategies to maintain sobriety (Magill & Ray, 2009).
Disclaimer
Extreme care has been used to create this document, however the contents are provided “as is” without
any representations or warranties, express or implied. The author assumes no liability as a result of
reliance and use of the contents of this document. This document is to be used for comparison, research
and reference purposes ONLY. No part of this document may be reproduced, resold or transmitted in any
form or by any means.
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