BIO 2600 Ch. 14 Exam Questions With Verified Answers
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Course
BIO 2600
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BIO 2600
BIO 2600 Ch. 14 Exam Questions With
Verified Answers.
Choice (a) is correct. Choices (b), (c), and (d) are individual parts of the overall process of
chemiosmotic coupling. - answerThe link between bond-forming reactions and membrane
transport processes in the mitochondria is called ___________...
BIO 2600 Ch. 14 Exam Questions With Verified Answers. Choice (a) is correct. Choices (b), (c), and (d) are individual parts of the overall process of chemio smotic coupling. - answer✔✔The link between bond -forming reactions and membrane transport processes in the mitochondria is called __________________. (a) chemiosmotic coupling. (b) proton pumping. (c) electron transfer. (d) ATP synthesis. A battery contains chemicals that generate negatively charged ions at one pole, and it is able to cause the continuous transfer of electrons along a metal wire if that pole is connected to the other end of the battery. The energy released by the electron -transfer process driven by the battery can be harnessed to do useful work, as when it is used to run an electric motor. Likewise, the energy released by the electron transfers that occur between the protein complexes in the electron -
transport chain does use ful work when it drives the movement of protons to one side of the membrane, since the resulting proton gradient is then used to generate chemical energy in the form of ATP. - answer✔✔Describe how a standard flashlight battery can convert energy into usefu l work and explain how this is similar to the energy conversions in the mitochondria. Food molecules are ultimately converted into acetyl CoA,. Electrons removed during the generation of acetyl CoA are added to the cofactors NAD+ and FAD to generate the re duced cofactors NADH and FADH2, respectively. The two carbon atoms in the acetyl group of acetyl CoA are then fed into the citric acid cycle, where they are oxidized to two molecules of CO2. The electrons removed during this oxidation are also captured by the activated carriers NADH and FADH2. The high -energy electrons in all of these activated carriers, which derived from carbons that were formerly part of food molecules are now transferred to the proteins in the electron -transport chain. - answer✔✔Based u pon what you know about metabolism, explain how electrons are stripped from food molecules and used to drive the electron -transport chain. (d) During glycolysis, ATP generation occurs simultaneously with two of the key reactions that convert glucose to pyr uvate in the cytosol. This production of ATP in the absence of oxygen is not part of oxidative phosphorylation; it is referred to as substrate -level phosphorylation. - answer✔✔Which of the following is not part of the process known as oxidative phosphoryla tion? (a) Molecular oxygen serves as a final electron acceptor. (b) FADH2 and NADH become oxidized as they transfer a pair of electrons to the electron -
transport chain. (c) The electron carriers in the electron -transport chain toggle between reduced and o xidized states as electrons are passed along. (d) ATP molecules are produced in the cytosol as glucose is converted into pyruvate. (a) - answer✔✔Which of the following statements describes the phosphorylation event that occurs during the process known as o xidative phosphorylation? (a) A phosphate group is added to ADP. (b) ATP is hydrolyzed in order to add phosphate groups to protein substrates. (c) A phosphate group is added to molecular oxygen. (d) Inorganic phosphate is transported into the mitochondrial matrix, increasing the local phosphate concentration. Choice (a) is correct. Glycolysis of a single glucose molecule generates 2 ATP molecules. Oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria generates an additional 28 ATP molecules, making a total of 30 AT P molecules for each glucose molecule. - answer✔✔Modern eukaryotes depend on mitochondria to generate most of the cell's ATP. How many molecules of ATP can a single molecule of glucose generate? (a) 30 (b) 2 (c) 20 (d) 36 The citric acid cycle stops almost immediately when oxygen is removed because several steps in the cycle require the oxidized forms of NAD+ and FAD. In the absence of oxygen, these electron carriers can be reduced by the reactions of the citric acid cycle but cannot be reoxidized by the electron -transport chain that participates in oxidative phosphorylation. - answer✔✔The citric acid cycle generates NADH and FADH2, which are then used in the process of oxidative phosphorylation to make ATP. If the citric acid cycle (which does not use oxyge n) and oxidative phosphorylation are separate processes, as they are, then why is it that the citric acid cycle stops almost immediately when O2 is removed? A. True. B. False. The outer mitochondrial membrane contains porins, allowing the passage of all molecules with a mass of less than 5000 daltons. Although pyruvate must pass through the inner membrane, it does so in a highly regulated manner via specific transporter channels. C. False. Although the cristae do look like individual compartments on the bas is of the images of the inner structure of the mitochondria, the inner membrane is a single, albeit highly convoluted, membrane. D. True. - answer✔✔Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. If a statement is false, explain why it is fals e. A. The number and location of mitochondria within a cell can change, depending on both the cell type and the amount of energy required. B. The inner mitochondrial membrane contains porins, which allow pyruvate to enter for use in the citric acid cycle. C. The inner mitochondrial membrane is actually a series of discrete, flattened, membrane -
enclosed compartments called cristae, similar to what is seen in the Golgi apparatus. D. The intermembrane space of the mitochondria is chemically equivalent to the c ytosol with respect to pH and the small molecules present. A. Porin is in the outer membrane. B. The mitochondrial genome is in the matrix. C. The citric acid cycle enzymes are in the matrix. D. The proteins of the electron -transport chain are in the inner membrane. E. ATP synthase is in the inner membrane. F. The transport protein for pyruvate is in the inner membrane. - answer✔✔In which of the four compartments of a mitochondrion are each of the following located? A. porin B. the mitochondrial genome C. citric acid cycle enzymes D. proteins of the electron -transport chain E. ATP synthase F. membrane transport protein for pyruvate (c) - answer✔✔Which of the following statements about mitochondr ial division is true? (a) Mitochondria divide in synchrony with the cell. (b) The rate of mitochondrial division is the same in all cell types. (c) Mitochondrial division is mechanistically similar to prokaryotic cell division. (d) Mitochondria cannot d ivide and produce energy for the cell at the same time.
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