1. Assertion: Sponges exhibit the tissue level of organization. Reason: In sponges, cells are
arranged as loose cell aggregates.
2. Assertion: Annelids, Arthropods, Mollusks, Echinoderms, and Chordates exhibit organ level of
organization. Reason: Organs have no association to form functional systems, and each organ
works independently.
3. Assertion: Coelenterates, ctenophores, and echinoderms have bilateral symmetry. Reason:
Animals cannot be categorized based on their symmetry.
4. Assertion: Three types of circulatory systems: open, closed, and respiratory. Reason: Open
type directly bathes cells and tissues in blood pumped by the heart, while closed type circulates
blood through a series of vessels of varying diameters (arteries, veins, and capillaries).
5. Assertion: Echinodermata is classified in Kingdom Animalia based on common fundamental
features. Reason: Echinodermata exhibits a segmented body plan.
6. Assertion: Sponges lack a water transport or canal system. Reason: Porifera is a phylum of
animals with a tissue level of organization.
7. Assertion: The pathway of water transport in sponges is not helpful in food gathering,
respiratory exchange, and removal of waste. Reason: Water enters through minute pores
(ostia) in the body wall into a central cavity, spongocoel, from where it goes out through the
same ostia.
8. Assertion: Digestion in sponges is extracellular. Reason: Choanocytes or collar cells line the
spongocoel and the canals in sponges.
9. Assertion: Cnidarians exhibit organ level of organization and are triploblastic. Reason:
Cnidoblasts are used for movement and sensing in cnidarians.
10. Assertion: Corals lack a distinctive skeletal structure. Reason: Corals have a skeleton
composed of silica.
11. Assertion: Ctenophores are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic organisms with organ level of
organization. Reason: Ctenophores have eight external rows of ciliated comb plates, which help
in locomotion.
12. Assertion: Platyhelminthes have a cylindrical body. Reason: Platyhelminthes are radially
symmetrical, triploblastic, and acoelomate, and mostly endoparasites found in animals including
human beings.
13. Assertion: Annelids cannot maintain water balance and remove wastes from their bodies.
Reason: Nephridia of annelids do not help in osmoregulation and excretion.
14. Assertion: Arthropods cannot move their legs and arms flexibly. Reason: Arthropods have rigid
appendages.
15. Assertion: Feather-like gills are present in the head of mollusks. Reason: The space between
the visceral hump and the mantle in molluscs is called the head cavity.
16. Assertion: The presence of the stomochord in hemichordates is similar to the notochord present
in chordates. Reason: Hemichordates, a subphylum of non-Chordata, have a rudimentary
structure called the notochord.
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