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NUR 301 exam with correct answers
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NUR 301 exam with correct answers
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NUR 301 exam with correct answersAtrophy - Correct Answer - cell size shrinks (skeletal muscle, heart, brain, sex organs -usually caused by
decrease in hormone stimulation)
Disuse
Denervation
Decrease hormones
Malnutrition
Decrease blood flow
Serous: - Correct Answer - watery fluid with few plasma proteins and leukocytes
Burns and blisters
Mucinous: - Correct Answer - increased secretion from mucous membranes
Allergies
Fibrinous: - Correct Answer - usually in cavities and lead to adhesions like in lung or bowel
Purulent: - Correct Answer - also pus has an increased number of neutrophils and dead bacteria. Can be
walled off as abscess
Serosanguinous: - Correct Answer - pale pink (blood) mixed with serous (watery)
Two types of chemotatic factors released by mast that are released early in the inflammatory process -
Correct Answer - Neutrophil chemotactic factor (NCT)
,Gets released at the site of inflammation to call the neutrophil to help fight the infection or invader
Eosinophilic chemotactic factor
hypertrophy - Correct Answer - cell size increases (heart and kidneys)
Increase to meet the demand (muscle is experiencing increased workload)
Hypertension and the uterus are good examples
hyperplasia - Correct Answer - increase in number of cells (liver regeneration or prostate)
Often associated with hypertension
Response to injury or cell death
Pregnant
More susceptible to cancer due to the increase number of cell (transform into malignant)
Metaplasia - Correct Answer - conversion to a simpler type of cell
Usually caused by stress
Smoking inhibits columnar cells to absorb the mucus
Reversible if stressor is removed
, dysplasia - Correct Answer - deranged cell growth
Precursor to malignancy
Hypoxia - Correct Answer - Caused by: decrease O2 in the air, decreased RBC/hemoglobin, respiratory
or cardiac disease, cells can not use ATP due to bacterial toxins, and decrease blood supply (ischemia)
Loss of Na+/K+ pump
Without ATP
K+ leaves the cell and Na+ moves into the cell
Water follows Na+ thus causing the cell to swell
Increase membrane permeability but decrease in protein synthesis
Substances that are manifestations on cellular injury - Correct Answer - Water is the most common, and
it builds up
Decreases ATP, meaning that the Na/K pump failed
Vacuoles form due to increase water content in the cell and it spreads out making the cells less efficient
Infiltrates
Systemic manifestations
necrosis - Correct Answer - local cell death past the point of no return in cell injury
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