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XI_Zoology _ New Chap-15 BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION (Assertion and Reason Statement Pairs)
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XI_Zoology _ New Chap-15 BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION (Assertion and Reason Statement Pairs)XI_ZOOLOGY_NEW_CHAPTER-15: BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION_ A&R TEST ITEMS
# Incorrect Assertion Incorrect Reason Correct Assertion Correct Reason
INTRODUCTION
Blood is irrelevant for transporting The body relies on other fluids for Blood is essential for substance transport. Blood carries nutrients to cells.
1
essential substances. transport, not blood.
Blood circulation has no impact on Tissue health depends on local factors, Effective blood circulation is vital for Blood provides nutrients to cells.
2
tissue health. not circulation. tissues.
Blood is not the primary transport fluid Many fluids are equally important for Blood is the primary body fluid for Blood carries oxygen, nutrients, and waste.
3
in the body. transport. transport.
Lymph plays no role in substance Lymph complements blood in Lymph assists in transporting certain Lymph carries white blood cells.
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transport. transport. substances.
Understanding blood and lymph Theoretical knowledge doesn't connect Understanding properties links theories Blood and lymph composition is vital.
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properties is unnecessary. to observations. with observation.
15.1.1 Plasma
Blood is a simple liquid, mainly The blood's components, including Blood is a specialized connective tissue Plasma, comprising 55% of blood, is mainly
composed of water and proteins. plasma and formed elements, don't with a fluid matrix, plasma, and formed water and proteins (6-8%), including
6 have specific functions, making blood a elements. fibrinogen, globulins, and albumins, which
straightforward fluid for transport in serve critical functions in clotting, defense,
the body. and osmotic balance.
Fibrinogen's function in blood clotting The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is Fibrinogen plays a pivotal role in blood Fibrinogen's conversion to fibrin forms a
is insignificant. a rare occurrence in the blood, and it clotting, transforming into fibrin to create mesh that traps blood cells, facilitating the
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doesn't significantly contribute to the stable clots. clotting process, essential for injury repair
formation of clots. and preventing excessive bleeding.
Globulins are primarily responsible for While some globulins have minor roles Globulins, a diverse group of proteins in the Specific globulins, like antibodies, play a
nutrient transport in the body. in immune defense, their primary blood, primarily contribute to the body's crucial role in the immune response by
8 function is to transport essential defense mechanisms. identifying and neutralizing foreign
nutrients, especially lipids, throughout invaders, strengthening the body's
the body. immunity.
Albumins have no impact on osmotic Osmotic balance in the body is Albumins are essential for maintaining Albumins help control osmotic pressure,
balance in the body. maintained by various other proteins osmotic balance by regulating solute ensuring proper distribution of nutrients
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and is not influenced by the presence concentration. and waste products between the blood and
or absence of albumins. tissues, promoting overall bodily function.
Plasma consists mostly of proteins with Proteins in plasma account for the Plasma is the liquid component of blood, Plasma's high water content provides a
minimal water content. majority of its composition, while mainly composed of water (90-92%) and medium for substance transportation,
10 water is present in minimal amounts, proteins (6-8%). while proteins such as fibrinogen, globulins,
limiting its role in substance and albumins perform essential functions
transportation. like clotting, defense, and osmotic balance.
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, XI_Zoology _ New Chap-15 BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION (Assertion and Reason Statement Pairs)
XI_ZOOLOGY_NEW_CHAPTER-15: BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION_ A&R TEST ITEMS
# Incorrect Assertion Incorrect Reason Correct Assertion Correct Reason
15.1.2 Formed Elements
RBCs are not involved in transporting Although RBCs do not have a nucleus, RBCs play a significant role in transporting RBCs, devoid of a nucleus, contain
11 respiratory gases. they are not related to gas transport respiratory gases. hemoglobin, allowing them to transport
within the blood. oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.
Neutrophils and monocytes are not Although neutrophils and monocytes Neutrophils and monocytes are essential Neutrophils (60-65% of WBCs) and
involved in immune defense. are types of white blood cells, they do for the body's immune defense. monocytes (6-8%) are phagocytic cells that
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not have a role in immune defense. protect against foreign invaders in the
body.
Platelets are unrelated to blood Platelets have a limited role in Platelets have a crucial role in blood Platelets, produced from megakaryocytes,
13 coagulation. coagulation, which is often coagulation. release substances vital for blood clotting,
exaggerated. preventing excessive blood loss.
B and T lymphocytes do not contribute While B and T lymphocytes exist, they B and T lymphocytes are key components Lymphocytes, divided into B and T
to immune responses. have no significant role in the immune of the body's immune response. lymphocytes, are responsible for
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response. orchestrating immune responses in the
body.
Eosinophils are not related to resisting Despite their name, eosinophils do not Eosinophils are involved in resisting Eosinophils, making up 2-3% of WBCs,
infections. participate in resisting infections. infections and managing allergic reactions. resist infections and play a role in allergic
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reactions, contributing to the body's
immune defenses.
15.1.3 Blood Groups
Individuals with blood type '0' should Since blood type '0' is universal, it's Blood type '0' is considered a universal People with blood type '0' can donate
16 only receive blood from others with vital for them to avoid blood from any donor. blood to individuals with any other blood
blood type '0'. other type to prevent complications. type.
Rh-negative individuals never produce Rh-negative individuals don't have Rh-negative individuals can develop Rh-negative individuals, when exposed to
antibodies when exposed to Rh- immune responses to Rh-positive antibodies against Rh antigens. Rh-positive blood, form specific antibodies
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positive blood. blood, maintaining stable blood against the Rh antigens.
compatibility.
Blood type 'AB' can only receive blood Blood type 'AB' individuals should Blood type 'AB' is known as the universal Individuals with blood type 'AB' can receive
18 from other type 'AB' individuals. strictly receive 'AB' blood, ensuring recipient. blood from people with any other blood
compatibility without issues. type, including A, B, AB, and 0.
Rh-ve mothers' antibodies have no Rh-ve mothers exposed to Rh+ve fetal In cases of Rh incompatibility, Administering anti-Rh antibodies to an Rh-
impact on subsequent pregnancies. blood have no immune response, administering anti-Rh antibodies to the ve mother immediately after the delivery of
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ensuring safe pregnancies. mother can prevent erythroblastosis the first child can prevent the development
foetalis. of Rh antibodies that could harm the fetus.
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