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Chemical Bonding Part 3
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Chemical Bonding Part 3
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Chemical BondingPart 3
Ionic &Covalent bond
❖ IONIC OR ELECTROVALENT BOND
• Ionic bond is formed when one atom transfers one or more
electrons from its outer shell to complete the octet.
• The atom which loses electrons becomes positively charged.
• The atom which gains electrons completes its octet and becomes
negatively charged.
• The charged particles formed by the loss and gain of electrons
from the neutral atoms are called positive Ion and negative ion
us
respectively. Pl
• The positive and negative ions are attracted to one another by
considerable electrostatic force which constitutes the ionic
e
0) ac
(electrovalent) bond.
45 i R
• Thus, ionic bond is defined as the electrostatic force of attraction
31 ar
holding the oppositely charged ions.
13 ak
• The necessary condition for the formation of this bond is that one
06 h
of the atom(s) should have a tendency to lose electrons and other
Sa
should be capable of accepting the electrons
• ie., one element should be electropositive (metal) and the other
electronegative (non - metal).
(9
• Formation of ionic bond can be illustrated by taking NaCl as an
a
im
example.
ah
• The electronic configuration of sodium atom is 2,8,1.
• By losing one electron of its outermost shell it acquires the inert
M
gas configuration of neon and changes into ion.
𝑁𝑎 𝑁𝑎+
→ + Ie-
(2,8,1) (2,8)
• The electronic configuration of chlorine is 2,8,7.
• By accepting the electron released by sodium, chlorine attains
inert gas configuration of argon and changes into ion.
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