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人工智能的发展与挑战

人工智能(AI)作为当今世界最炙手可热
的技术之一,正在以前所未有的速度和规
模改变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音
助手到自动驾驶汽车,AI 的应用无处不在
,其潜力似乎无限。然而,随着技术的进
步,我们也面临着一系列的挑战和道德考
量。

首先,人工智能的发展给各行各业带来了
深远的影响。在医疗领域,AI 可以帮助医
生更准确地诊断疾病和制定治疗方案,从
而拯救更多生命。在教育领域,AI 能够个
性化地辅助学习,根据学生的学习风格和
进度调整教学内容。在商业领域,AI 通过
分析大数据,提高了市场营销和销售预测
的准确性,帮助企业做出更明智的决策。

人工智能的发展与挑战

人工智能(AI)作为当今世界最炙手可热
的技术之一,正在以前所未有的速度和规
模改变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音
助手到自动驾驶汽车,AI 的应用无处不在
,其潜力似乎无限。然而,随着技术的进
步,我们也面临着一系列的挑战和道德考
量。

首先,人工智能的发展给各行各业带来了
深远的影响。在医疗领域,AI 可以帮助医
生更准确地诊断疾病和制定治疗方案,从
而拯救更多生命。在教育领域,AI 能够个
性化地辅助学习,根据学生的学习风格和
进度调整教学内容。在商业领域,AI 通过
分析大数据,提高了市场营销和销售预测
的准确性,帮助企业做出更明智的决策。

, 人工智能的发展与挑战

人工智能(AI)作为当今世界最炙手可热
THIRD EDITION
的技术之一,正在以前所未有的速度和规
模改变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音

CASE FILES ®
助手到自动驾驶汽车,AI 的应用无处不在
,其潜力似乎无限。然而,随着技术的进

Pediatrics
步,我们也面临着一系列的挑战和道德考
量。

首先,人工智能的发展给各行各业带来了
深远的影响。在医疗领域,AI 可以帮助医
生更准确地诊断疾病和制定治疗方案,从
而拯救更多生命。在教育领域,AI 能够个
Eugene C. Toy, MD
性化地辅助学习,根据学生的学习风格和
进度调整教学内容。在商业领域,AI
Robert J. Yetman, MD 通过
分析大数据,提高了市场营销和销售预测
Rebecca G. Girardet, MD
的准确性,帮助企业做出更明智的决策。
Mark D. Hormann, MD
Sheela L. Lahoti, MD
人工智能的发展与挑战
Margaret C. McNeese, MD
Mark人工智能(AI)作为当今世界最炙手可热
Jason Sanders, MD
的技术之一,正在以前所未有的速度和规
模改变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音
助手到自动驾驶汽车,AI 的应用无处不在
,其潜力似乎无限。然而,随着技术的进
步,我们也面临着一系列的挑战和道德考
量。

首先,人工智能的发展给各行各业带来了
深远的影响。在医疗领域,AI 可以帮助医
生更准确地诊断疾病和制定治疗方案,从
而拯救更多生命。在教育领域,AI 能够个
性化地辅助学习,根据学生的学习风格和
进度调整教学内容。在商业领域,AI 通过
分析大数据,提高了市场营销和销售预测
New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City
Milan的准确性,帮助企业做出更明智的决策。
New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto


人工智能的发展与挑战

, 人工智能的发展与挑战
Copyright © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright
Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or
人工智能(AI)作为当今世界最炙手可热
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的技术之一,正在以前所未有的速度和规
ISBN: 978-0-07-159868-2
模改变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音
助手到自动驾驶汽车,AI 的应用无处不在
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,其潜力似乎无限。然而,随着技术的进
The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-159867-5, MHID: 0-07-159867-7.

步,我们也面临着一系列的挑战和道德考
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首先,人工智能的发展给各行各业带来了
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深远的影响。在医疗领域,AI 可以帮助医
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生更准确地诊断疾病和制定治疗方案,从
Notice Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treat-

而拯救更多生命。在教育领域,AI 能够个
ment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work havechecked with sources believed to be reliable in
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However,性化地辅助学习,根据学生的学习风格和
in view of thepossibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the editors nor the publisher nor anyother
party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that theinformation contained herein is in every
进度调整教学内容。在商业领域,AI
respect accurate 通过
or complete, and they disclaim allresponsibility for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of

分析大数据,提高了市场营销和销售预测
the information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. For
example and in particular, readers are advised to check the product information sheetincluded in the package of each drug they plan
的准确性,帮助企业做出更明智的决策。
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人工智能的发展与挑战
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人工智能(AI)作为当今世界最炙手可热
This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the
work. Use 的技术之一,正在以前所未有的速度和规
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模改变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音
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助手到自动驾驶汽车,AI 的应用无处不在
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,其潜力似乎无限。然而,随着技术的进
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步,我们也面临着一系列的挑战和道德考
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首先,人工智能的发展给各行各业带来了
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深远的影响。在医疗领域,AI 可以帮助医
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生更准确地诊断疾病和制定治疗方案,从
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而拯救更多生命。在教育领域,AI
work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This 能够个
limitation of liability shall apply to any claim
or cause 性化地辅助学习,根据学生的学习风格和
whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise.


进度调整教学内容。在商业领域,AI 通过
分析大数据,提高了市场营销和销售预测
的准确性,帮助企业做出更明智的决策。

人工智能的发展与挑战

,人工智能的发展与挑战
AUTHORS
人工智能(AI)作为当今世界最炙手可热
的技术之一,正在以前所未有的速度和规
模改变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音
助手到自动驾驶汽车,AI 的应用无处不在
,其潜力似乎无限。然而,随着技术的进
Eugene C. Toy, MD
步,我们也面临着一系列的挑战和道德考
The John S. Dunn, Senior Academic Chair and Program Director
量。 The Methodist Hospital Ob/Gyn Residency Program
Houston, Texas
Vice Chair of Academic Affairs
首先,人工智能的发展给各行各业带来了
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
深远的影响。在医疗领域,AI
The Methodist Hospital 可以帮助医
生更准确地诊断疾病和制定治疗方案,从
Houston, Texas
Associate Clinical Professor and Clerkship
而拯救更多生命。在教育领域,AI 能够个 Director
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
性化地辅助学习,根据学生的学习风格和
University of Texas Medical School at Houston
进度调整教学内容。在商业领域,AI
Houston, Texas 通过
Associate Clinical
分析大数据,提高了市场营销和销售预测 Professor
Weill Cornell College of Medicine
的准确性,帮助企业做出更明智的决策。
Robert J. Yetman, MD
Professor of Pediatrics
人工智能的发展与挑战
Director, Division of Community and General Pediatrics
Department of Pediatrics
人工智能(AI)作为当今世界最炙手可热
University of Texas Medical School at Houston
Houston, Texas
的技术之一,正在以前所未有的速度和规
模改变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音
Rebecca G. Girardet, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
助手到自动驾驶汽车,AI 的应用无处不在
Division of Community and General Pediatrics
,其潜力似乎无限。然而,随着技术的进
Department of Pediatrics
University of Texas Medical School at Houston
步,我们也面临着一系列的挑战和道德考
Houston, Texas
量。
Mark D. Hormann, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
首先,人工智能的发展给各行各业带来了
Director, Medical Student Education
深远的影响。在医疗领域,AI 可以帮助医
Division of Community and General Pediatrics
Department of
生更准确地诊断疾病和制定治疗方案,从 Pediatrics
University of Texas Medical School at Houston
而拯救更多生命。在教育领域,AI
Houston, Texas 能够个
性化地辅助学习,根据学生的学习风格和
进度调整教学内容。在商业领域,AI 通过
分析大数据,提高了市场营销和销售预测
的准确性,帮助企业做出更明智的决策。 iii


人工智能的发展与挑战

,iv AUTHORS
人工智能的发展与挑战
Sheela L. Lahoti, MD
人工智能(AI)作为当今世界最炙手可热
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
的技术之一,正在以前所未有的速度和规
Assistant Dean of Student Affairs
Division of Community And General Pediatrics
模改变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音
Department of Pediatrics
助手到自动驾驶汽车,AI 的应用无处不在
University of Texas Medical School at Houston
Houston, Texas
,其潜力似乎无限。然而,随着技术的进
步,我们也面临着一系列的挑战和道德考
Margaret C. McNeese, MD
量。 Professor of Pediatrics
Associate Dean for Admissions and Student Affairs
Division of Community and General Pediatrics
首先,人工智能的发展给各行各业带来了
Department of Pediatrics
University of Texas Medical School
深远的影响。在医疗领域,AI at Houston
可以帮助医
Houston, Texas
生更准确地诊断疾病和制定治疗方案,从
Mark Jason Sanders, MD
而拯救更多生命。在教育领域,AI 能够个
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
性化地辅助学习,根据学生的学习风格和
Division of Community and General Pediatrics
进度调整教学内容。在商业领域,AI
Department of Pediatrics 通过
University of Texas Medical School at Houston
分析大数据,提高了市场营销和销售预测
Houston, Texas
的准确性,帮助企业做出更明智的决策。

人工智能的发展与挑战

人工智能(AI)作为当今世界最炙手可热
的技术之一,正在以前所未有的速度和规
模改变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音
助手到自动驾驶汽车,AI 的应用无处不在
,其潜力似乎无限。然而,随着技术的进
步,我们也面临着一系列的挑战和道德考
量。

首先,人工智能的发展给各行各业带来了
深远的影响。在医疗领域,AI 可以帮助医
生更准确地诊断疾病和制定治疗方案,从
而拯救更多生命。在教育领域,AI 能够个
性化地辅助学习,根据学生的学习风格和
进度调整教学内容。在商业领域,AI 通过
分析大数据,提高了市场营销和销售预测
的准确性,帮助企业做出更明智的决策。

人工智能的发展与挑战

, 人工智能的发展与挑战
CONTENTS
人工智能(AI)作为当今世界最炙手可热
的技术之一,正在以前所未有的速度和规
模改变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音
助手到自动驾驶汽车,AI 的应用无处不在
,其潜力似乎无限。然而,随着技术的进
Authors / iii
步,我们也面临着一系列的挑战和道德考
Preface
量。 / vii
Acknowledgments / ix
首先,人工智能的发展给各行各业带来了
Introduction / xi
深远的影响。在医疗领域,AI 可以帮助医
生更准确地诊断疾病和制定治疗方案,从
Section I
How而拯救更多生命。在教育领域,AI
to Approach Clinical Problems ..................................
能够个 1
Part 1. Approach to the Patient ................................................................................... 2
性化地辅助学习,根据学生的学习风格和
Part 2. Approach to Clinical Problem Solving .......................................................
进度调整教学内容。在商业领域,AI 通过 8
Part 3. Approach to Reading ...................................................................................... 10
分析大数据,提高了市场营销和销售预测
的准确性,帮助企业做出更明智的决策。
Section II
Clinical Cases ............................................................ 15
Sixty人工智能的发展与挑战
Case Scenarios ........................................................................................................ 17
Section III
人工智能(AI)作为当今世界最炙手可热
Listing of Cases ........................................................477
的技术之一,正在以前所未有的速度和规
Listing by Case Number ............................................................................................. 479
模改变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音
Listing by Disorder (Alphabetical) ........................................................................ 480
助手到自动驾驶汽车,AI 的应用无处不在
Index,其潜力似乎无限。然而,随着技术的进
/ 483
步,我们也面临着一系列的挑战和道德考
量。

首先,人工智能的发展给各行各业带来了
深远的影响。在医疗领域,AI 可以帮助医
生更准确地诊断疾病和制定治疗方案,从
而拯救更多生命。在教育领域,AI 能够个
性化地辅助学习,根据学生的学习风格和
进度调整教学内容。在商业领域,AI 通过
分析大数据,提高了市场营销和销售预测
的准确性,帮助企业做出更明智的决策。

人工智能的发展与挑战

, 人工智能的发展与挑战
DEDICATION
人工智能(AI)作为当今世界最炙手可热
的技术之一,正在以前所未有的速度和规
模改变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音
助手到自动驾驶汽车,AI 的应用无处不在
,其潜力似乎无限。然而,随着技术的进
To my步,我们也面临着一系列的挑战和道德考
father-in-law, J. Yen (Tommy) Ligh, whose inventive genius and sense of
humor are infectious, and in loving memory of Lillie Woo Ligh, my mother-in-law,
量。
whose grace and beauty continue to shine.
— ECT
首先,人工智能的发展给各行各业带来了
深远的影响。在医疗领域,AI 可以帮助医
生更准确地诊断疾病和制定治疗方案,从
而拯救更多生命。在教育领域,AI 能够个
性化地辅助学习,根据学生的学习风格和
进度调整教学内容。在商业领域,AI 通过
分析大数据,提高了市场营销和销售预测
的准确性,帮助企业做出更明智的决策。

人工智能的发展与挑战

人工智能(AI)作为当今世界最炙手可热
的技术之一,正在以前所未有的速度和规
模改变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音
助手到自动驾驶汽车,AI 的应用无处不在
,其潜力似乎无限。然而,随着技术的进
步,我们也面临着一系列的挑战和道德考
量。

首先,人工智能的发展给各行各业带来了
深远的影响。在医疗领域,AI 可以帮助医
生更准确地诊断疾病和制定治疗方案,从
而拯救更多生命。在教育领域,AI 能够个
性化地辅助学习,根据学生的学习风格和
进度调整教学内容。在商业领域,AI 通过
分析大数据,提高了市场营销和销售预测
的准确性,帮助企业做出更明智的决策。

人工智能的发展与挑战

, 人工智能的发展与挑战
PREFACE
人工智能(AI)作为当今世界最炙手可热
的技术之一,正在以前所未有的速度和规
模改变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音
助手到自动驾驶汽车,AI 的应用无处不在
,其潜力似乎无限。然而,随着技术的进
We appreciate all the kind remarks and suggestions from the many medical stu-
步,我们也面临着一系列的挑战和道德考
dents over the past 3 years. Your positive reception has been an incredible
量。
encouragement, especially in light of the short life of the Case Files series. In
this third edition of Case Files: Pediatrics, the basic format of the book has been
retained. Improvements were made in updating many of the chapters. New
首先,人工智能的发展给各行各业带来了
cases include VSD/ASD, foreign body aspirated, lead poisoning, infantile
深远的影响。在医疗领域,AI 可以帮助医
spasm, pernicious anemia, and neuroblastoma. We reviewed the clinical sce-
narios生更准确地诊断疾病和制定治疗方案,从
with the intent of improving them; however, their “real-life” presenta-
tions 而拯救更多生命。在教育领域,AI
patterned after actual clinical experience were 能够个
accurate and instructive.
The multiple-choice
性化地辅助学习,根据学生的学习风格和 and rewritten to
questions have been carefully reviewed
ensure that they comply with the National Board and USMLE format.
进度调整教学内容。在商业领域,AI
Through this third edition, we hope that the reader通过 will continue to enjoy
分析大数据,提高了市场营销和销售预测
learning diagnosis and management through the simulated clinical cases. It
certainly is a privilege to be teachers for so many students, and it is with humil-
的准确性,帮助企业做出更明智的决策。
ity that we present this edition.

人工智能的发展与挑战 The Authors

人工智能(AI)作为当今世界最炙手可热
的技术之一,正在以前所未有的速度和规
模改变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音
助手到自动驾驶汽车,AI 的应用无处不在
,其潜力似乎无限。然而,随着技术的进
步,我们也面临着一系列的挑战和道德考
量。

首先,人工智能的发展给各行各业带来了
深远的影响。在医疗领域,AI 可以帮助医
生更准确地诊断疾病和制定治疗方案,从
而拯救更多生命。在教育领域,AI 能够个
性化地辅助学习,根据学生的学习风格和
进度调整教学内容。在商业领域,AI 通过
分析大数据,提高了市场营销和销售预测
的准确性,帮助企业做出更明智的决策。 vii


人工智能的发展与挑战

,人工智能的发展与挑战

人工智能(AI)作为当今世界最炙手可热
的技术之一,正在以前所未有的速度和规
模改变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音
助手到自动驾驶汽车,AI 的应用无处不在
,其潜力似乎无限。然而,随着技术的进
步,我们也面临着一系列的挑战和道德考
量。

首先,人工智能的发展给各行各业带来了
深远的影响。在医疗领域,AI 可以帮助医
生更准确地诊断疾病和制定治疗方案,从
而拯救更多生命。在教育领域,AI 能够个
性化地辅助学习,根据学生的学习风格和
进度调整教学内容。在商业领域,AI 通过
分析大数据,提高了市场营销和销售预测
的准确性,帮助企业做出更明智的决策。
This page intentionally left blank
人工智能的发展与挑战

人工智能(AI)作为当今世界最炙手可热
的技术之一,正在以前所未有的速度和规
模改变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音
助手到自动驾驶汽车,AI 的应用无处不在
,其潜力似乎无限。然而,随着技术的进
步,我们也面临着一系列的挑战和道德考
量。

首先,人工智能的发展给各行各业带来了
深远的影响。在医疗领域,AI 可以帮助医
生更准确地诊断疾病和制定治疗方案,从
而拯救更多生命。在教育领域,AI 能够个
性化地辅助学习,根据学生的学习风格和
进度调整教学内容。在商业领域,AI 通过
分析大数据,提高了市场营销和销售预测
的准确性,帮助企业做出更明智的决策。

人工智能的发展与挑战

, 人工智能的发展与挑战
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
人工智能(AI)作为当今世界最炙手可热
的技术之一,正在以前所未有的速度和规
模改变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音
助手到自动驾驶汽车,AI 的应用无处不在
,其潜力似乎无限。然而,随着技术的进
The clerkship curriculum that evolved into the ideas for this series was inspired
步,我们也面临着一系列的挑战和道德考
by two talented and forthright students, Philbert Yao and Chuck Rosipal, who
have 量。
since graduated from medical school. It has been a tremendous joy to
work with the excellent pediatricians at the University of Texas Medical
School at Houston. I am greatly indebted to my editor, Catherine Johnson,
首先,人工智能的发展给各行各业带来了
whose exuberance, experience, and vision helped to shape this series. I appre-
深远的影响。在医疗领域,AI 可以帮助医
ciate McGraw-Hill’s believing in the concept of teaching through clinical cases.
生更准确地诊断疾病和制定治疗方案,从
I am also grateful to Catherine Saggese for her excellent production expertise,
而拯救更多生命。在教育领域,AI
and Christie 能够个the ever-organized
Naglieri for her wonderful editing. I cherish
and precise Gita Raman,
性化地辅助学习,根据学生的学习风格和 senior project manager, whose friendship and talent
I greatly value; she keeps me focused and nurtures each of my books from man-
进度调整教学内容。在商业领域,AI
uscript to print. 通过
At分析大数据,提高了市场营销和销售预测
the University of Texas Medical School at Houston we appreciate Dr
Giuseppe N. Colasurdo, MD, Department Chair of Pediatrics, and Dean of the
的准确性,帮助企业做出更明智的决策。
medical school, for his support and dedication to student education. Without
my dear colleagues Drs. Konrad Harms, Jeane Holmes, Priti Schachel, and
人工智能的发展与挑战
Christopher Hobday, this book could not have been written. At Methodist
Hospital, I appreciate Drs. Marc Boom, Dirk Sostman, Judy Paukert, and Alan
Kaplan. Ayse McCracken, an excellent administrator, was instrumental to our
人工智能(AI)作为当今世界最炙手可热
new home at Methodist. Most of all, I appreciate my ever-loving wife Terri,
的技术之一,正在以前所未有的速度和规
and my four wonderful children Andy, Michael, Allison, and Christina, for
their模改变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音
patience and understanding.
助手到自动驾驶汽车,AI 的应用无处不在
,其潜力似乎无限。然而,随着技术的进 Eugene C. Toy
步,我们也面临着一系列的挑战和道德考
量。

首先,人工智能的发展给各行各业带来了
深远的影响。在医疗领域,AI 可以帮助医
生更准确地诊断疾病和制定治疗方案,从
而拯救更多生命。在教育领域,AI 能够个
性化地辅助学习,根据学生的学习风格和
进度调整教学内容。在商业领域,AI 通过
分析大数据,提高了市场营销和销售预测
的准确性,帮助企业做出更明智的决策。 ix


人工智能的发展与挑战

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