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科技与道德的挑战
Contents

Chapter 然而，科技的发展也带来了一些挑战和问题 Pages
(1) GENERAL PRINCIPLES。隐私问题、伦理道德问题和技术失控问题
OF PHARMACOLOGY ............................................................................................... 5
等，都需要我们认真对待。例如，人工智能
PART I PHARMACOKINETICS ........................................................................................................................................ 5
的应用虽然带来了许多便利，但也引发了对
PART II PHARMACODYNAMICS .................................................................................................................................... 8
(2) 隐私保护的担忧。大数据的广泛应用，使得
AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ................. 12
个人信息容易被收集和滥用。如何在科技发
PART I LOCAL ANESTHETICS ................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
展与个人隐私保护之间找到平衡，是我们面
PART II CHOLINOMIMETIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 16
PART III CHOLINORECEPTOR BLOCKING DRUGS............................................................................................................................................. 19
临的一个重要课题。
PART IV ADRENORECEPTOR ACTIVATING DRUGS.......................................................................................................................................... 24
PART V ADRENORECEPTOR ANTAGONIST DRUGS .......................................................................................................................................... 29
科技与道德的挑战
(3) AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ........................ 34
PART I HYPNOTIC DRUGS然而，科技的发展也带来了一些挑战和问题
...................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
PART II ANTISEIZURE DRUGS ............................................................................................................................................................................... 38
。隐私问题、伦理道德问题和技术失控问题
PART III ANTIPARKINSONIAN AGENTS .............................................................................................................................................................. 41
PART IV ETHYL ALCOHOL等，都需要我们认真对待。例如，人工智能
.................................................................................................................................................................................... 44
的应用虽然带来了许多便利，但也引发了对
PART V NARCOTIC ANALGESICS ......................................................................................................................................................................... 46
PART VI NON-NARCOTIC ANALGESICS ............................................................................................................................................................. 49
隐私保护的担忧。大数据的广泛应用，使得
PART VII ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................................................... 51
个人信息容易被收集和滥用。如何在科技发
PART VIII ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENTS ............................................................................................................................................................... 54
展与个人隐私保护之间找到平衡，是我们面
PART IX ANXIOLYTIC AGENTS ............................................................................................................................................................................ 57
PART X CNS STIMULANTS .................................................................................................................................................................................... 60
临的一个重要课题。
PART XI DRUGS OF ABUSE .................................................................................................................................................................................... 63
PART XII GENERAL ANESTHETICS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 65
科技与道德的挑战
(4) ORGANOTROPIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................. 68
PART I DRUGS ACTING ON RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ......................................................................................................................................... 68
然而，科技的发展也带来了一些挑战和问题
PART II DRUGS USED IN GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES ............................................................................................................................... 70
PART III DRUGS ACTING。隐私问题、伦理道德问题和技术失控问题ON HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................. 73
PART IV DRUGS USED IN等，都需要我们认真对待。例如，人工智能 DISORDERS OF COAGULATION.............................................................................................................................. 74
PART V DRUGS USED FOR TREATMENT OF HEART FAILURE ........................................................................................................................ 76
的应用虽然带来了许多便利，但也引发了对
PART VI ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENTS ................................................................................................................................................................. 78
PART VII DRUGS FOR ANGINA 隐私保护的担忧。大数据的广泛应用，使得
PECTORIS TREATMENT ................................................................................................................................ 80
PART VIII ANTIHYPERTENSIVE 个人信息容易被收集和滥用。如何在科技发
DRUGS ............................................................................................................................................................. 83
PART IX HYPERTENSIVE (ANTI-HYPOTENSIVE) DRUGS. DRUGS INFLUENCING CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW. ANTI-MIGRAINE
展与个人隐私保护之间找到平衡，是我们面
AGENTS ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 85
临的一个重要课题。
(5) METABOLIC PROFILE DRUGS .......................................................................................................................... 88
PART I HYPOTHALAMIC 科技与道德的挑战
& PITUITARY HORMONES, THYROID & ANTITHYROID DRUGS .................................................................. 88
PART II PANCREATIC HORMONES & ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................... 91
PART III THE GONADAL HORMONES & INHIBITORS ..................................................................................................................................... 93
然而，科技的发展也带来了一些挑战和问题
PART IV GLUCOCORTICOID , STEROIDAL & NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS.......................................................... 95
PART V IMMUNOTROPIC。隐私问题、伦理道德问题和技术失控问题
& ANTIALLERGIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................... 98
PART VI VITAMINS, VITAMIN -LIKE COMPOUNDS, ANTIVITAMINS, ENZYMES & ANTIENZYMES ................................................. 104
等，都需要我们认真对待。例如，人工智能
PART VII ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC DRUGS & DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF GOUT ............................................................... 110
PART VIII AGENTS THAT的应用虽然带来了许多便利，但也引发了对
AFFECT BONE MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS ....................................................................................................... 114
隐私保护的担忧。大数据的广泛应用，使得
PART IX MINERALOCORTICOID , MINERALOCORTICOID ANTAGONISTS, DIURETICS, PLASMA EXPANDERS ............................. 120
(6) 个人信息容易被收集和滥用。如何在科技发
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS ....................................................................................................................... 124
展与个人隐私保护之间找到平衡，是我们面
PART I ANTIBIOTICS .................................................................................................................................................... 124
临的一个重要课题。
PART II SYNTHETIC ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS ....................................................................................................... 129
PART III ANTIPROTOZOAL AND ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS ................................................................................... 132
PART IV ANTIVIRAL AGENTS. AGENTS FOR CHEMOTHERAPY OF CANCER .................................................. 135
科技与道德的挑战

然而，科技的发展也带来了一些挑战和问题
。隐私问题、伦理道德问题和技术失控问题
等，都需要我们认真对待。例如，人工智能
的应用虽然带来了许多便利，但也引发了对
隐私保护的担忧。大数据的广泛应用，使得
个人信息容易被收集和滥用。如何在科技发
Multiple choice questions
展与个人隐私保护之间找到平衡，是我们面
Multiple choice questions

, 科技与道德的挑战
5
(1) GENERAL PRINCIPLES然而，科技的发展也带来了一些挑战和问题
OF PHARMACOLOGY

PART I PHARMACOKINETICS
。隐私问题、伦理道德问题和技术失控问题
01. Pharmacokinetics is:
等，都需要我们认真对待。例如，人工智能
的应用虽然带来了许多便利，但也引发了对
a) The study of biological and therapeutic effects of drugs
b) The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs
隐私保护的担忧。大数据的广泛应用，使得
c) The study of mechanisms of drug action
d) The study of methods个人信息容易被收集和滥用。如何在科技发
of new drug development
02. 展与个人隐私保护之间找到平衡，是我们面
What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
a) Complications of drug therapy
临的一个重要课题。
b) Drug biotransformation in the organism
c) Influence of drugs on metabolism processes
d) Influence of drugs on科技与道德的挑战
genes
02. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
a) Pharmacological effects of drugs
然而，科技的发展也带来了一些挑战和问题
b) Unwanted effects of drugs
c) Chemical structure of。隐私问题、伦理道德问题和技术失控问题
a medicinal agent
d) Distribution of drugs in the organism
等，都需要我们认真对待。例如，人工智能
03. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
的应用虽然带来了许多便利，但也引发了对
a) Localization of drug action
b) Mechanisms of drug action
隐私保护的担忧。大数据的广泛应用，使得
c) Excretion of substances
个人信息容易被收集和滥用。如何在科技发
d) Interaction of substances
04. The main mechanism of 展与个人隐私保护之间找到平衡，是我们面
most drugs absorption in GI tract is:
a) Active transport (carrier-mediated diffusion)
临的一个重要课题。
b) Filtration (aqueous diffusion)
c) Endocytosis and exocytosis
d) Passive diffusion (lipid diffusion)
科技与道德的挑战
05. What kind of substances can’t permeate membranes by passive diffusion?
a) Lipid-soluble
然而，科技的发展也带来了一些挑战和问题
b) Non-ionized substances
c) Hydrophobic substances
。隐私问题、伦理道德问题和技术失控问题
d) Hydrophilic substances
等，都需要我们认真对待。例如，人工智能
06. A hydrophilic medicinal agent has the following property:
的应用虽然带来了许多便利，但也引发了对
a) Low ability to penetrate through the cell membrane lipids
b) Penetrate through membranes by means of endocytosis
隐私保护的担忧。大数据的广泛应用，使得
c) Easy permeation through the blood-brain barrier
d) High reabsorption in 个人信息容易被收集和滥用。如何在科技发
renal tubules
展与个人隐私保护之间找到平衡，是我们面
07. What is implied by «active transport»?
a) Transport of drugs trough a membrane by means of diffusion
临的一个重要课题。
b) Transport without energy consumption
c) Engulf of drug by a cell membrane with a new vesicle formation
d) Transport against concentration gradient
科技与道德的挑战
08. What does the term “bioavailability” mean?
a) Plasma protein binding degree of substance
b) Permeability through然而，科技的发展也带来了一些挑战和问题
the brain-blood barrier
c) Fraction of an uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation following any route administration
。隐私问题、伦理道德问题和技术失控问题
d) Amount of a substance in urine relative to the initial doze
09. The reasons determing等，都需要我们认真对待。例如，人工智能
bioavailability are:
a) Rheological parameters的应用虽然带来了许多便利，但也引发了对
of blood
b) Amount of a substance obtained orally and quantity of intakes
c) Extent of absorption 隐私保护的担忧。大数据的广泛应用，使得
and hepatic first-pass effect
个人信息容易被收集和滥用。如何在科技发
d) Glomerular filtration rate
10. Pick out the appropriate展与个人隐私保护之间找到平衡，是我们面
alimentary route of administration when passage of drugs through liver is minimized:
a) Oral
b) Transdermal 临的一个重要课题。
c) Rectal
d) Intraduodenal
科技与道德的挑战
11. Which route of drug administration is most likely to lead to the first-pass effect?
a) Sublingual
然而，科技的发展也带来了一些挑战和问题
。隐私问题、伦理道德问题和技术失控问题
等，都需要我们认真对待。例如，人工智能
的应用虽然带来了许多便利，但也引发了对
隐私保护的担忧。大数据的广泛应用，使得
个人信息容易被收集和滥用。如何在科技发
Multiple choice questions
展与个人隐私保护之间找到平衡，是我们面
Multiple choice questions

, 科技与道德的挑战
6

b) Oral 然而，科技的发展也带来了一些挑战和问题
c) Intravenous
d) Intramuscular 。隐私问题、伦理道德问题和技术失控问题
12. What is characteristic of等，都需要我们认真对待。例如，人工智能
the oral route?
a) Fast onset of effect 的应用虽然带来了许多便利，但也引发了对
b) Absorption depends on GI tract secretion and motor function
隐私保护的担忧。大数据的广泛应用，使得
c) A drug reaches the blood passing the liver
个人信息容易被收集和滥用。如何在科技发
d) The sterilization of medicinal forms is obligatory
13. Tick the feature of the sublingual route:
a) Pretty fast absorption
展与个人隐私保护之间找到平衡，是我们面
b) A drug is exposed to临的一个重要课题。
gastric secretion
c) A drug is exposed more prominent liver metabolism
d) A drug can be administrated in a variety of doses
科技与道德的挑战
14. Pick out the parenteral route of medicinal agent administration:
a) Rectal
b) Oral 然而，科技的发展也带来了一些挑战和问题
c) Sublingual
d) Inhalation 。隐私问题、伦理道德问题和技术失控问题
等，都需要我们认真对待。例如，人工智能
15. Parenteral administration:
a) Cannot be used with unconsciousness patients
的应用虽然带来了许多便利，但也引发了对
b) Generally results in a less accurate dosage than oral administration
c) Usually produces a隐私保护的担忧。大数据的广泛应用，使得
more rapid response than oral administration
d) Is too slow for emergency use
个人信息容易被收集和滥用。如何在科技发
16. What is characteristic of the intramuscular route of drug administration?
a) Only water solutions 展与个人隐私保护之间找到平衡，是我们面
can be injected
b) Oily solutions can be 临的一个重要课题。
injected
c) Opportunity of hypertonic solution injections
d) The action develops slower, than at oral administration
科技与道德的挑战
17. Intravenous injections are more suitable for oily solutions:
a) True
b) False 然而，科技的发展也带来了一些挑战和问题
18. Correct statements listing characteristics of a particular route of drug administration include all of the following EXCEPT:
。隐私问题、伦理道德问题和技术失控问题
a) Intravenous administration provides a rapid response
等，都需要我们认真对待。例如，人工智能
b) Intramuscular administration requires a sterile technique
c) Inhalation provides slow access to the general circulation
的应用虽然带来了许多便利，但也引发了对
d) Subcutaneous administration may cause local irritation
隐私保护的担忧。大数据的广泛应用，使得
19. Most of drugs are distributed homogeneously.
a) True 个人信息容易被收集和滥用。如何在科技发
b) False
展与个人隐私保护之间找到平衡，是我们面
20. Biological barriers include all except:
a) Renal tubules 临的一个重要课题。
b) Cell membranes
c) Capillary walls
d) Placenta 科技与道德的挑战
21. What is the reason of complicated penetration of some drugs through brain-blood barrier?
a) High lipid solubility of然而，科技的发展也带来了一些挑战和问题
a drug
b) Meningitis
。隐私问题、伦理道德问题和技术失控问题
c) Absence of pores in the brain capillary endothelium
d) High endocytosis degree 等，都需要我们认真对待。例如，人工智能
in a brain capillary
22. The volume of distribution 的应用虽然带来了许多便利，但也引发了对
(Vd) relates:
a) Single to a daily dose of an administrated drug
b) An administrated dose 隐私保护的担忧。大数据的广泛应用，使得
to a body weight
个人信息容易被收集和滥用。如何在科技发
c) An uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation
d) The amount of a drug in the body to the concentration of a drug in plasma
展与个人隐私保护之间找到平衡，是我们面
23. For the calculation of the volume of distribution (Vd) one must take into account:
临的一个重要课题。
a) Concentration of a substance in plasma
b) Concentration of substance in urine
c) Therapeutical width of drug action
d) A daily dose of drug 科技与道德的挑战
24. A small amount of the volume of distribution is common for lipophylic substances easy penetrating through barriers and
然而，科技的发展也带来了一些挑战和问题
widely distributing in plasma, interstitial and cell fluids:
。隐私问题、伦理道德问题和技术失控问题
等，都需要我们认真对待。例如，人工智能
的应用虽然带来了许多便利，但也引发了对
隐私保护的担忧。大数据的广泛应用，使得
个人信息容易被收集和滥用。如何在科技发
Multiple choice questions
展与个人隐私保护之间找到平衡，是我们面
Multiple choice questions

, 科技与道德的挑战
7
然而，科技的发展也带来了一些挑战和问题
a) True
b) False 。隐私问题、伦理道德问题和技术失控问题
25. 等，都需要我们认真对待。例如，人工智能
The term “biotransformation” includes the following:
的应用虽然带来了许多便利，但也引发了对
a) Accumulation of substances in a fat tissue
b) Binding of substances with plasma proteins
隐私保护的担忧。大数据的广泛应用，使得
c) Accumulation of substances in a tissue
个人信息容易被收集和滥用。如何在科技发
d) Process of physicochemical and biochemical alteration of a drug in the body
26. Biotransformation of the drugs is to render them:
a) Less ionized
展与个人隐私保护之间找到平衡，是我们面
临的一个重要课题。
b) More pharmacologically active
c) More lipid soluble
d) Less lipid soluble
科技与道德的挑战
27. Tick the drug type for which microsomal oxidation is the most prominent:
a) Lipid soluble
b) Water soluble 然而，科技的发展也带来了一些挑战和问题
c) Low molecular weight
d) High molecular weight。隐私问题、伦理道德问题和技术失控问题
等，都需要我们认真对待。例如，人工智能
28. Pick out the right statement:
a) Microsomal oxidation的应用虽然带来了许多便利，但也引发了对
always results in inactivation of a compound
b) Microsomal oxidation results in a decrease of compound toxicity
c) Microsomal oxidation 隐私保护的担忧。大数据的广泛应用，使得
results in an increase of ionization and water solubility of a drug
d) Microsomal oxidation个人信息容易被收集和滥用。如何在科技发
results in an increase of lipid solubility of a drug thus its excretion from the organism is facilitated
29. Stimulation of liver microsomal enzymes can:
展与个人隐私保护之间找到平衡，是我们面
a) Require the dose increase of some drugs
临的一个重要课题。
b) Require the dose decrease of some drugs
c) Prolong the duration of the action of a drug
d) Intensify the unwanted reaction of a drug
科技与道德的挑战
30. Metabolic transformation (phase 1) is:
a) Acetylation and methylation of substances
然而，科技的发展也带来了一些挑战和问题
b) Transformation of substances due to oxidation, reduction or hydrolysis
c) Glucuronide formation
。隐私问题、伦理道德问题和技术失控问题
d) Binding to plasma proteins
等，都需要我们认真对待。例如，人工智能
31. Biotransformation of a medicinal substance results in:
a) Faster urinary excretion
的应用虽然带来了许多便利，但也引发了对
b) Slower urinary excretion
c) Easier distribution in 隐私保护的担忧。大数据的广泛应用，使得
organism
d) Higher binding to membranes
个人信息容易被收集和滥用。如何在科技发
32. Conjugation is:
展与个人隐私保护之间找到平衡，是我们面
a) Process of drug reduction by special enzymes
临的一个重要课题。
b) Process of drug oxidation by special oxidases
c) Coupling of a drug with an endogenous substrate
d) Solubilization in lipids
科技与道德的挑战
33. Which of the following processes proceeds in the second phase of biotransformation?
a) Acetylation
b) Reduction 然而，科技的发展也带来了一些挑战和问题
c) Oxidation
d) Hydrolysis 。隐私问题、伦理道德问题和技术失控问题
等，都需要我们认真对待。例如，人工智能
34. Conjugation of a drug includes the following EXCEPT:
a) Glucoronidation
b) Sulfate formation
的应用虽然带来了许多便利，但也引发了对
c) Hydrolysis 隐私保护的担忧。大数据的广泛应用，使得
d) Methylation
个人信息容易被收集和滥用。如何在科技发
35. Metabolic transformation and conjugation usually results in an increase of a substance biological activity:
a) True 展与个人隐私保护之间找到平衡，是我们面
b) False 临的一个重要课题。
36. In case of liver disorders accompanied by a decline in microsomal enzyme activity the duration of action of some drugs
is:
a) Decreased 科技与道德的挑战
b) Enlarged
c) Remained unchanged 然而，科技的发展也带来了一些挑战和问题
d) Changed insignificantly
。隐私问题、伦理道德问题和技术失控问题
等，都需要我们认真对待。例如，人工智能
的应用虽然带来了许多便利，但也引发了对
隐私保护的担忧。大数据的广泛应用，使得
个人信息容易被收集和滥用。如何在科技发
Multiple choice questions
展与个人隐私保护之间找到平衡，是我们面
Multiple choice questions

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