Jamm 100 Exam # 2
News - ANS-The process by which people gather and create information and reports to
make sense of events surrounding them
Nellie Bly - ANS-(Late 19th c.) female stunt journalist who exposed bad, gendered
conditions in mental institutions, and traveled around the world in 72 days.
Robert Sengstacke Abbott - ANS-The Chicago Defender, which was founded by Robert
S. Abbott on May 5, 1905, once heralded itself as "The World's Greatest Weekly.
Adolph Ochs - ANS--First publisher/editor of the New York Times. Introduced the
editorial section. "The goal is to report, and not inflame"
-Publisher of the NYT who raised quality and made it most respected newspaper in the
world. Especially known for reporting on the Titanic and WWI.
Benjamin Harris - ANS--Publisher of first newspaper in America, "Publick Occurrences,
Both Foreign and Domestick," Brits promptly shut it down.
-publisher of the first newspaper printed in America (1673-1713)
Walter Lippman - ANS--An intellectual who became the last editor of New York World;
called for the professionalization of journalism and urged that reporters be trained to be
as objective as possible. He wrote book "Public Opinion," which outlined the concept of
the "public" as an emotional, rather than logical, entity. He was opposed to New Deal
and Franklin Roosevelt.
Samuel Cornish - ANS--African American who co-founded Freedom's Journal, the first
African American newspaper, in New York City.
-"Freedoms Journal"
also edited the Colored American
emphasized the need for public education for blacks
James Gordon Bennett - ANS-First publisher of The New York herald, first foreign
correspondents, published event timely, always wanted to be first, got news ahead of
everyone.
Winifred Bonfils - ANS--writing as Winifred Black, and for the San Francisco Examiner
as Annie Laurie. She was one of the most prominent "sob sisters", a label given female
reporters who wrote human interest stories
, -She reported from Europe during the First World War, later becoming a columnist.
William Randolph Hearst - ANS--Father made fortune in California gold rush
-Family owned San Francisco Examiner
-1895: bought New York Journal
-Journal circulation hits 500,000 in two years
LEGACY
-First multi-media empire ◦ Newspapers, magazines ◦ Movie studio, newsreels
-Political ambitions ◦ One term in Congress ◦ Ran for president
-Inspired Citizen Kane
Hunter S. Thompson - ANS-Has taken the movement in a new, more outrageous
direction known as Gonzo Journalism with works like "Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas."
Ben Bradlee - ANS--Executive editor of the Washington Post
-Bradlee was actively involved in the Pentagon Papers and Watergate story
-Bradlee authorixed Bernstein and woodward to work the watergate story
Humphrey Bogart - ANS-A twentieth-century American actor, best known for his film
portrayals of hard-boiled characters. Sam Spade in the Maltese Falton and Rick Blaine
in Casablanca are two of his most famous roles., "Baby Face" Martin (Dead End)
Gatekeeper - ANS--A traditional role for the press, which has the power to decide which
information to publish and which information to ignore.
Gatekeepers are:
-Newspaper editors, managing editors
-TV news directors, general managers
- Online news managers, webmasters
Six Universal Drivers - ANS-Impact, timeliness, conflict, proximity, singularity,
prominence.
How do newspapers cope with rising costs and declining revenues? - ANS--With low
budgets newspapers have to cut staff to lower expenses but this backfires as they try to
expand online operations with fewer editors and reporters.
Primary sources of revenue for newspapers (Money In) - ANS--Majority of revenue
comes from selling ad space. (for some newspapers this may be the ONLY source of
income)
-Newspapers devote as much as one half to two thirds to ad space.
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