Developmental Psychology Exam Questions With All Correct Answers.
developmental science - Answer the study of change and constancy throughout the lifespan
Domains of Development - Answer physical, social, cognitive and emotional
Components of Developmental Science - Answer scientific process that uses the average person as a standard, applied knowledge for intervention, and interdisciplinary
Theory - Answer an orderly, integrated set of statement describes, explains, predicts behavior. Gives us an organizing framework to guide and give meaning to what we see influences by cultural values and beliefs systems, but depends on scientific observations. FRAMES the way you see and interpret the world
around you
Continuous vs. Discontinuous - Answer the extent to which development involves gradual, cumulative change or distinct stages
One course vs. many courses of development - Answer The role of context in development. Various environmental factors.
Nature vs. Nuture - Answer involves the debate of whether development is primarily influenced by biology or the environment
stability vs. plasticity - Answer the degree to which development remains constant over time or has the capability to change.
Human Development - Answer An open system because various factors can affect this as well as the person can affect the environment
Equifinality - Answer the idea that in open systems an "end state" may be achieved beginning at different points, and be accomplished via many different paths; different initial states but one final state. Multifinality - Answer a system where the final outcome could VARY despite the same initial state; same
initial state but different final states
Prenatal Development - Answer Time period from conception to birth
Subjective vs. Objective - Answer The extent to which development varies from person to person.
Physical Development - Answer changes in body size, proportions, appearance, function of body systems, perceptual and motor capacities, and physical health
Cognitive Development - Answer changes in intellectual abilities, including attention, memory, academic and everyday knowledge, problem solving, imagination, creativity, and language
Emotional and Social Devleopment - Answer changes in emotional communication, self-understand, knowledge about other people, interpersonal skills, friendships, intimate relationships and moral reasoning/behavior
Age-graded - Answer an influence on development; predictable in when they occur and are often a result of biological factors
History-graded - Answer an influence on development; unique to a particular era
Non-normative - Answer an influence on development; irregular, unpredictive events that happen to just a few people, very random and can be powerful
Natural Selection - Answer species have characteristics that are adapted (or fitted) to their environments
Survival of the Fittest - Answer individuals best adapted to their environments survive to reproduce; their genes are passed to later generations Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny - Answer Not necessary true, but propelled research in developmental psychology; early prenatal growth is similar across species; Led some scientists to think that an organism's development would reiterate its evolutionary history.
Normative Approach - Answer Hall, Gesel, Measured large numbers of people, Age-related averages
Mental Testing Movement - Answer Binet and Simon, Intelligence tests
Freud and Erikson - Answer Headed the psychoanalytic perspective
Psychoanalytic perspective - Answer People move through a series of stages in which they confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations. How these conflicts are resolved determines the person's ability to learn, to get along with others, and to cope with anxiety
Moderator - Answer Any given trajectory may DEPEND and thus DIFFER on another variable
Mediator - Answer The relationship between two variables is EXPLAINED by this.
id - Answer largest portion of the mind, unconscious, present at birth, source of biological needs/desires
ego - Answer conscious, rational part of mind, emerges in early infancy, redirects id impulses acceptably
superego - Answer the conscience, develops from ages 3 to 6 from interactions with caregivers
Behaviorism - Answer Approach that regards directly observable events- stimuli and responses- as the appropriate focus of study and views that development of behavior as taking place through classical and operant conditioning
Classical Conditioning - Answer Stimulus-response
