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NSA Computer Network Test With Complete Solutions Latest Update
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NSA Computer Network Test WithComplete Solutions Latest Update
What are the 2 keys to decimal/hex/octal/binary conversions? - correct answers 1.
Binary is the intermediary
2. BE CAREFUL
What is endianness? - correct answers The order or sequence of bytes of a word
of digital data in computer memory
What is big endian? - correct answers The most significant byte is stored at the
smallest memory address and the least significant byte is stored at the largest
memory address
What is little endian? - correct answers The most significant byte is stored at the
largest memory address and the least significant byte is stored at the smallest
memory address
With regards to endianness, what is "network order?" - correct answers Network
order refers to data being sent across a medium in big endian (most significant
byte first) in the Internet Protocol
What is the endianness of most processor architectures, including Intel x86, AMD
x86-64, ARM, and RISK-V? - correct answers Little endian
In what two situations is paying attention to endianness important? - correct
answers 1. When sending data between two different computers. The
,communication protocol must ensure that even if the two computers' endianness
differs, the data isn't corrupted. IP does this by defaulting to network order.
2. When investigating memory dumps. You must understand the endianness of
the computer whom the memory dump comes from to properly be able to
analyze the dump.
4 part memory hierarchy - correct answers 1. Registers
2. Caches
3. Main memory
4. Storage
How many bytes are in a word? - correct answers 2 bytes
How many bytes are in a single ASCII character? - correct answers 1 byte
How many bytes are in a single UTF-8 character? - correct answers 1 to 4 bytes
(variable)
What are the 5 segments of a process's memory? - correct answers From low to
high addresses:
1. Text segment (code / executable instructions)
2. Initialized data segment
3. Uninitialized data segment
4. Heap segment (dynamic memory allocations, grows toward high addresses)
,5. Stack segment (function arguments, local variables, grows toward low
addresses)
What is a *solid state drive*? - correct answers An SSD is a form of memory that
uses integrated circuits for persistent memory (flash memory)
What is a *hard disk drive*? - correct answers An HDD is a form of memory that
uses magnetic properties to store and retrieve digital data on spinning disks
What is user space? - correct answers The section of memory in which normal
user processes run. Processes running in this space only have access to a limited
part of this space (the process's own space and any shared memory sections).
Process in this space can only access kernel space through controlled system calls.
What is kernel space? - correct answers The section of memory in which kernel
processes run. Processes running in this space have access to all memory spaces,
user and kernel. Significantly higher privilege than user space.
Name the seven layers of the *OSI model* - correct answers 1: Physical
2: Data Link
3: Network
4: Transport
5: Session
6: Presentation
7: Application
Name the four layers of the *TCP/IP model* - correct answers 1: Link
, 2: Internet
3: Transport
4: Application
What is encapsulation? - correct answers As data travels down the TCP/IP stack,
the packet of the higher layer becomes the payload of the packet of the next
lower layer.
As data travels up the TCP/IP stack, the payload of each packet is extracted at each
layer of the stack.
What is the primary concern of the *Physical layer* of the OSI model? - correct
answers The transmission of raw bits
What are the primary 3 concerns of the *Data Link layer* of the OSI model? -
correct answers 1. Grouping raw bits from the Physical layer in to frames
2. Detect and possibly correct errors from the Physical layer (checksum)
3. The transmission of data frames between nodes on a network
What are the 3 primary concerns of the *Network layer* of the OSI model? -
correct answers 1. Provide an addressing scheme
2. The forwarding/routing of data packets between networks
3. Frame fragmentation with MTU field
What is the primary concern of the *Transport layer* of the OSI model? - correct
answers Provide host-to-host communication services for applications (such as
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