microbiology chapter 4 functional anatomy of proka
Written for
Microbiology
Microbiology
Microbiology
All documents for this subject (3052)
Seller
Follow
Hkane
Reviews received
Content preview
Microbiology Chapter 4 Functional
Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
Cells
Compare and contrast the overall cell structure of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. -
ANS-Prokaryotes:
do not have complex membrane-bound organelles
one circular chromosome not enclosed with a membrane
DNA not associated with histones
Cell walls made mostly of peptidoglycan
Divide by binary fission
Eukaryotes:
Do have complex membrane-bound organelles including a nucleus, mitochondria,
chloroplast
23 pairs of chromosomes enclosed within a membrane
DNA wrapped with histones
Cell walls are chemically simple
Divide by mitosis
Identify the three basic shapes of bacteria - ANS-coccus(spherical)
bacillus(rod)
spiral
How would you be able to identify streptococci through a microscope? - ANS-finding
cells that have divided and remain attached in a chain-like pattern on the smear
describe plasma membrane - ANS-separate in the internal and external sides of the cell
and allow things to move in and out
describe nucleus - ANS-DNA is stored here
describe ribosomes - ANS-where protein synthesis takes place
describe golgi apparatus - ANS-sorts and transports proteins
describe mitochondria - ANS-ATP production
, describe Rough ER - ANS-studded with ribosomes for protein synthesis
describe smooth ER - ANS-no ribosomes, synthesized, phospholipids, fats and
hormones
describe lysosomes - ANS-formed in the golgi apparatus and contain digestive enzymes
describe vacuoles - ANS-brings food into the cell and provides storage for proteins,
sugars and acids
describe centrosomes - ANS-form the mitotic spindles, crucial for cell division
describe peroxisomes - ANS-oxidizes fatty acids and destroys H2O2
describe chloroplast - ANS-converts sunlight into energy and food(photosynthesis)
describe the structure and function of the glycocalyx - ANS-a sticky, gelatinous sugar
substance that is secreted to the outside of the cell. Called a capsule if organized and a
slime layer if unorganized Protects cells from phagocytosis and aids in attachment
why are bacterial capsules medically important - ANS-contribute to virility of bacteria
and prevent phagocytosis
Differentiate flagella, axial filaments,fimbriae and pili - ANS-Flagella-consists of a
filament, hook and basal body that is anchored to the cell wall and plasma membrane,
propel bacteria by rotating the basal body
Axial filaments- spiral around the cell and rotate to produce movement in a corkscrew
motion
Fimbriae-can be few or many and are straighter than flagella, have a tendency to
adhere to solid surfaces and epithelial surfaces causing diseases
Pili-longer than fimbriae and number only one or two per cell, involved in bacterial DNA
exchange to help bacteria thrive, uses a twitching or gliding motility
How do bacteria move? - ANS-with runs(on direction for a time) and tumbles(abrupt,
random changes of motion) movement toward or away from a stimulus is a taxis
What is peptidoglycan made up of? - ANS-alternating NAG and NAM which are
disaccharide units. These are attached by polypeptides which are tetrapeptide side
chains
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Hkane. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
