MCB 2010 Test 2 (IRSC) EDITED
Vertical gene transfer is the process of genes being passed down from parent to
offspring - ANS-True
When bacteria take up naked genetic material from the surrounding environment, this is
called - ANS-transformation
When one bacterium transfers a copy of its plasmid to another bacterium, this is called -
ANS-conjugation
Transformation. transduction. and conjugation are all examples of - ANS-horizontal
gene transfer
What is the name of the process of bacterial DNA being transferred from one bacterium
to another by a virus? - ANS-transduction
Which type of RNA includes the anticodon and brings the amino acids to the site of
protein synthesis? - ANS-tRNA
The three nucleotide group that codes for one amino acid is called a - ANS-codon
Fertility factor - ANS-carry instructions for conjugation pilus
Virulence plasmid - ANS-carry instructions for structures, enzymes, or toxins that enable
bacterium to become pathogenic
Bacteriocin factor- - ANS-carry genes for proteinaceous toxins called bacteriocins
resistance facor - ANS-carry resistance to one or more antimicrobial drugs or heavy
metals
nucleoside analogs - ANS-disrupt DNA and RNA replication and cause point mutations
nucleotide-altering chemicals - ANS-result in base-pair substitution mutations and
missense mutations
frameshift mutagens - ANS-result in nonsense mutations
, What are transposable elements? - ANS-The deletion of addition of nucleotides, which
may occur in the course of DNA replication
Subunits for the prokaryotic ribosome? - ANS-50S and 30S
Subunits for the eukaryotic ribosome? - ANS-60S and 40S
What are the components of an operon? - ANS-promoter and a series of genes
Which of the following is suitable for use on tissues for microbial control to prevent
infection? - ANS-antiseptic
Which of the following best describes a microbial protocol that inhibits the growth of
molds and yeast? - ANS-Fungistatic
What are some factors that alter the effectiveness of a disinfectant? - ANS-site to be
treated, environmental conditions, relative susceptibility of microorganisms
Which of the following terms is used to describe the time required to kill all of the
microbes within a sample at a given temperature? - ANS-Thermal death time
Which of the following microbial methods does not actually kill microbes or inhibit their
growth but instead removes them physically from samples? - ANS-filtration
In an autoclave, the application of pressure to ___________ is increased to allow the
steam to achieve temperatures above the boiling point of waiter - ANS-boiling water
Ionizing radiation can penetrate surfaces, but non-ionizing radiation cannot - ANS-False
(other way around)
Moist-heat sterilization protocols require the use of higher temperatures for longer
periods of time than dry-heat sterlization protocols do - ANS-False (other way around)
How does the addition of salt or sugar help preserve food? - ANS-Create hypertonic
environment that "sucks" the water out of bacterial cells and keeps food lasting longer
Which is more effective at killing microbes: autoclaving or freezing? - ANS-Autoclaving.
Freezing just slows down microbial growth
UV does not penetrate well - ANS-True
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