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OCRa A level Module 6 Carbonyl Compounds Notes $8.42   Add to cart
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OCRa A level Module 6 Carbonyl Compounds Notes
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  • Course
  • Module 6 Carbonyl Compounds
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  • OCR

Beginning with how pi bonds are formed within a carbonyl bond (C=O) to distinguishing between aldehydes and ketones, these series of notes will help you go the extra mile in your studies. These I've crafted myself helped me go from a C in year 12 to an A by the end of year 13, and they can help you...

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Document information

  • June 18, 2024
  • 5
  • 2023/2024
  • Class notes
  • Mr mirtschin
  • All classes

Subjects

  • carbonyls
  • compounds
  • chemistry
  • ocr
  • a level
  • a level chemistry
  • module 6
  • aldehydes
  • ketones
  • reduction
  • ocr a level chemistry

Written for

  • A/AS Level
  • OCR
  • Chemistry A
  • Module 6 Carbonyl Compounds
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12 ·

09 .


23

Module 6 .


Carbonyls

Describe how the i-bond forms in a care
mys group
:




-
c =
0

/ -
-



sideways overlapping of adjacent
R2 -
C -
O p-orbital
&



it above and below the C-0
.
-
& the =0 bond does not react readily with electrophiles :

-


the (is f* +
the C 2 =
becomes palaried
-the it bind elections are unavailable due to
being polarized
-



electrophiles are repelled
+
-




nuclephiles are attracted to the Cf



Reduction of Carbonyls to form alcinols.



aldehydes
+
ketones can be reduced to
-



an alcohol




[]
-Reducing Agent :
NaBH4(an)
represented as [H]
in equasions.

, example 1 :
Reduction of Propanal

H H H

5
H
I


j c
I I
+
2[H] > c OH

-
-

H
-




H
- - -
-
-




11
It H It H


Propanal Propan-1-01




example 2 : Ketone


H H



-
It It It
It 0 It
1 I
I 1
- - -
+ +
2) - -
- - -
- -
-




I & I I & I
I I

H H H (t H H H H It


Pentone Pentan-1-01



Mechanism :
Nucleophilic Addition

BHG acts a source of : H-
-




as



Example :
Ethanal (Aldenyde) st
jo+St
H
,



f- H
I 8 H
It




H-c- I
I
I
> H - -
H-c-C-O
-
-




H
iH
·
intermediate I
products :



ethanol +
hydroxide ion-

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