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HWST 107 Final Study Guide
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HWST 107 Final Study GuideKamehameha - correct answer-in 1791, defeated all contenders for the throne, became Mō`i
of Hawaii Island
Reputed son of Kahekili (died in 1792)
Began a series of wars w various island subchiefs
By 1795, controlled all islands except Kaua'i and Ni'ihau
Ruled by negotiations by 1805
united the archipelago with only Kauai remaining and being ceded into the nation under King
Kamehameha I by 1810
Married Ka'ahumanu
Was Hawai'i legally annexed? - correct answer-For war efforts and not including Hawai'i's
own people in the voting for annexation, absolutely not. Hawai'i became a territory because
the US needed a warship stop while sending ships to another band of islands to help fight in
a war.
In 1898 the US congress passed a joint resolution to annex Hawai'i. Under US law a "joint
resolution" is not a treaty of annexation. The US government treaties the joint resolution as a
treaty and did so because of what political events occurring at the time? - correct
answer-During this time the US declared war on Spain after a U.S.warship was blown up in
Cuba. Needing to send military troops to Philippines, Hawai'i was suddenly needed, then
was claimed as a territory by the US.
The Hawaiian political huis Hui Kālai 'Āina and Hui Aloha 'Āina organized a petition drive to
protest US annexation of Hawai'i. How many names did they secure in a kingdom of
approximately 40,000 people? Was the petition drive successful? - correct answer-In total,
both huis retrieved about 38,000 signatures from those 40,000 people. The petition drive
was successful but it wasn't successful in having the annexation be stopped.
What was the role of the Hawaiian "Hui" during the annexation movement? - correct
answer-Their role was to form a group to oppose the treaty. The 3 groups: Hui Aloha 'Āina
for Women, Hui Aloha 'Āina for Men, and the Hui Kālai 'Āina represented a majority of the
Native Hawaiians (Kanaka Maoli) who wanted their Native govt to be restored.
Explain Hawaii's annexation in one paragraph. - correct answer-The Provisional government
seeked annexation of Hawai'i after the overthrow committee seeked out their support. Queen
Lili'uokalani "yields" her authority under protest to the US government based on state theory
and treaties. President Cleveland withdraws the treaty. Political huis were created and
traveled amongst the Hawaiian Islands with petitions in protest of the annexation and to
restore the Hawaiian monarchy to its people. Although there were people on congress who
opposed the annexation, needing 46 votes more to let it pass, on July 1898 the annexation
happened when the US declared war on Spain and needed Hawai'i as a place where
warships could travel to while on route to Philippines to fight Spain. The US flag flown over
Hawaii that year on August 12 marking Hawai'i as a territory of the United States.
,How was Lili'uokalani's government overthrown? WHat was America's role in the overthrow?
- correct answer-Lili'uokalani took the throne in 1891 after Kalakaua died, and gained
petitions in order to create a new constitution that would return the power to and restore the
Hawaiian nation. Her Haole advisors didn't sign the constitution and snitched to Thurston's
law office to inform him of the new constitution and what's wanted of it. This became the
reason as to overthrowing QUeen and was supported by the same American businessmen
who gave support to the Bayonet Constitution, and the U.S Minister of Hawai'i, John
Stevens. Through U.S. military presence, the Queen yielded to the Americans hoping that
power to the Hawaiians would be restored but in the end, the American military convinced
the congress for Hawai'i to become a territory of America. Standard Dole stated Hawaiians
were "like children, and if allowed they would vote to remain a kingdom" after not allowing
Hawaiians to vote against having Hawai'i become an American territory.
Explain the Bayonet Constitution. - correct answer-The Bayonet Constitution written by
Lorain Thurston, gave white foreigners, along with those who didn't take the oath of
allegiance, the power to control the legislature and cabinet of Hawaii. In the end it
"represented the loss of Hawaiian control in the determination of what was pono for
Hawaiians, and it was a direct blow to Hawaiian sovereignty."
How was Pearl Harbor ceded to the US government? - correct answer-Americans in Hawai'i
loved the idea of Hawaii being annexed by the US by ceding Pearl Harbor whilst the Native
Hawaiians opposed the cession. When Kalākaua was elected to the Hawaiian throne and
not Queen Emma, Kalakaua went to Washington in order to get a reciprocity treaty passed
without the cessation of Pearl Harbor. His vision was to create a new pono for Hawaiians
and to increase the race by reviving Hawaiian pride and throwing out the self doubt that was
brought by Bingham. After reviving old traditions that were seen as forbidden by the
Calvinists, and to fund a Hawaiian navy and army to protect the Hawaiian nation against
invasion, American missionaries strongly opposed the idea then created a secret league to
overthrow the Hawaiian government. Kalakaua was then forced to sign the Bayonet
Constitution leading to a new reciprocity treaty being made with America that included the
cessation of Pearl Harbor.
Why did Hawai'i sugar planters and foreign business advocate for annexation? - correct
answer-They advocated annexation as a way of making more money via sugar plantation
even if it meant sacrificing the independence of Hawai'i.
What were the benefits and risks associated with the privatization of lands in hawai'i in
1848? - correct answer-Foreign nations were not allowed to legally take the land, that all
Hawaiians had interest and rights to the land due to it being the primary source for food with
the Ali'i Nui being in complete control over the lands. Westerners had no way of owning,
selling, or buying the land as well. The Akuas, based on Hawaiian tradition, owned the land
due to the Akuas giving birth to the land.
Privatization allowed foreigners to buy Hawai'i. Commoners (8,200) received only about
three acre lots of the lands given from Land commission and Ali'i Nui (34) received larger
portions with at least 50% of what they previously owned. Missionaries at the time received
560 acres a piece for their contribution in Christianizing the kingdom. Most of the Ali'i Nui by
1893 were controlled by the foreigners. Foreigners and missionaries then invested in sugar
plantations.
, What lessons were learned by the events of 1839 (French incident) and 1843 when British
Admiral Paulette seized the Hawaiian Kingdom only to have it later returned by the British
government? - correct answer-For the Hawaiians, as long as the Ali'i Nui obeyed the advice
of the missionaries the nation of Hawaii would not be involved in war nor occupation by
another nation via patient dignity.
What power did the commoner or maka'ainana have in the kingdom and how did they assert
it? - correct answer-The maka'ainana did not trust the foreigners. The wrote petitions to the
Ali'i Nui protesting against having foreigners in their government, having private ownership of
land, and for foreigners to take an oath of allegiance. They also claimed that "good
foreigners" wouldn't look over the laws made by the Ali'i Nuis and selling the kingdom to
other nations.
Explain the role of missionaries in Hawai'i. When did they arrive and what were the
circumstances of their arrival. What does the Christian religion do for or to Hawai'i? - correct
answer-Missionaries from American New England arrived in 1820 to convert Hawaiians
religion to Christianity and to civilize the Hawaiian people. Their mission was to "plant the
seed of self doubt in the Hawaiian breast" assuming that the reason they are dying was
because of not believing in Jehovah, be saved from military threats, and to save them from
foreign disease. Christian religion for the Hawaiians brought them a new pono, a message of
Ola Hou, and allowed them to adopt American legal forms that would ensure Hawai'i a slot in
being one of the nations that are civilized and foreign respect for the independence of the
Hawaiian nation.
Explain the impacts of "Gun Boat Diplomacy" as discussed by Kameʻeleihiwa. - correct
answer-Lord Paulet from England seized Hawai'i over a land dispute- an Ali'i Nui had stolen
his land. A Hawaiian-British treaty of 1836 stated that there could be a lease on Hawaiian
land and not actual ownership, lead to Paulet to take advantage of the Hawaiian
government. Kamehameha III relinquishes sovereignty under duress until such time that
England recognizes their wrong doing. President Tyler of the US warned Europe not to
interfere with Hawai'i because of Hawai'i being under American influence, and the U.S.
would force if Hawai'i would be in the hands of the Europeans. When the British left Hawai'i,
the Hawaiians believed that the American missionaries were right in waiting out with "patient
dignity than to engage in futile war", it would cause them to maintain their own independence
as a nation.
How did trade impact the Hawaiian Islands in the early 19th century? How did chiefs
manage their debt? - correct answer-In the early 19th century, it caused Hawaii to be a
"perfect port" for ships that sail from between California and China, causing American
fortunes to be used rather than taxes paid to the Native government for trades. Rather than
using sandalwood to pay for their debt, they paid via Hawaiian land to those merchants
Dr. Kameʻeleihiwa discusses "Haole Imperialism". What does the term mean? - correct
answer-"Haole Imperialism" was the extension of Haole power over Hawai'i's land and its
people.
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