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Crash Course Exam 3 A Questions with 100% Actual correct answers | verified | latest update | Graded A+ | Already Passed | Complete Solution P
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Crash Course Exam 3 AP Questions with 100% Actual correct answers | verified | latest update | Graded A+ | Already Passed | Complete Solution

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  • June 18, 2024
  • 16
  • 2023/2024
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • crash course exam 3 ap

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Crash Course Exam 3 AP
Muscle contraction process recap
-nerve signal causes ACh to release into synaptic cleft.
-ACh receptors in the sarcolemma open and let Na+ and K+ move down their
electrochemical gradients
-sets off a chain reaction of depolarization/repolarization down the sarcolemma
-Ca2+ is released from the SR and it binds to troponin
-Reveals active sites on actin and allows actin to bind to myosin
-Using ATP (ADP-Pi), the myosin pulls on the actin, shortening the muscle fiber
-When the nerve signal stops, the above actions are reversed and fibers relaxes.


strength of twitches varies two ways
1. recruitment or spacial summation- stimulating the nerve with higher voltage
produces stringer contractions
2. temporal (wave) summation- high frequency of stimulations increases
contraction strength /\/\/\

what temp = stronger twitch?
warm


why does staying hydrated allow stronger twitch
myofibrils stay properly spaced when hydrated


muscle contractions depend on what two types of ATP
anaerobic fermentation- energy with no O2 (generated lactic acid-toxic)
aerobic respiration- energy with O2 (does not generate lactic acid)


What is the phosphagen system?
ADP -> Myokinase -> ATP and creatine phosphate -> Creatine kinase -> ATP
which provides the energy used for immediate bursts of intensive activity (100m
dash)

,phosphates system is burned out during immediate energy, what is used during
short term energy?
muscles shift to anaerobic fermentation- obtain glucose from blood and their own
stored glycogen and build of lactic acid (toxic)


After short term is burned up, long term energy?
the respiratory and cardiovascular system start delivering O2 fast enough for
aerobic respiration (30-38 ATP per glucose) glucose + fatty acids


EPOC- excess post-exercise oxygen consumption
oxygen debt- breathing heavy after exercise to replenish ATP and O2 in
myoglobin and live


What causes muscle fatigue?
high intensity -potassium accumulation in ECF
low intensity -fuel depletion (glucose + glycogen levels decline), electrolyte loss
(from sweat), and central fatigue (fewer motor signals from the brain- your body
telling you to stop)


muscular strength depends on
-fascicle arrangement (Shape) pennate > parallel > circular
-size of motor unit (larger = stronger)
-MMU or spacial summation (activation of more units = more tension)
-temporal summation (greater frequency = stronger contraction


Muscle conditioning will?
-increase muscle size (increase in myofibrils, not muscle fiber)
-increase muscle endurance, decrease muscle fatigue


Types of Conditioning

, -resistance training (weight lifting) muscle fibers hypertrophy
-endurance training (aerobic exercise) improve fatigue resistance muscles-
fast/slow twitch muscles
-Cross fit training (combine of resistance + endurance)


Contractions is not movement, physiology contraction is...
anytime cross bridges form between myosin + actin (tension)


T/F can muscles get shorter, longer, or maintain length
TRUE... ***isotonic= muscle changes length. isometric= muscle maintain length
***


Two major classes of muscle fibers
Slow (oxidative) twitch and fast (glycolytic) twitch


slow twitch fibers aka red meat; duck breast
-Aerobic
-Fatigue resistant- well adapted for endurance
-slow ATP hydrolysis
-lots of myoglobin (O2)
-Low glycogen content (gets sugar from blood)
-abundant amount of mitochondria
-lots of capillaries
-red color


fast glycolytic fibers aka white meat; chicken breast
-Anaerobic
-Poor fatigue resistance- quick power response, no endurance
-Fast ATP hydrolysis
-Low myoglobin ( no o2)
-the abundant amount of glycogen (need sugar because low oxygenated)
-few amounts of mitochondria

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