Combined Immunology HMX Test Bank Questions with 100% Correct Answers Latest Version 2024 Verified
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Combined Immunology HMX Test Bank
Questions with 100% Correct Answers |
Latest Version 2024 | Verified
______________________ is the transfer of tissue/organ from one individual to another -
Transplantation
_________________________ is the transfer of blood cells/blood products from one indivi...
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Combined Immunology HMX Test Bank
Questions with 100% Correct Answers |
Latest Version 2024 | Verified
______________________ is the transfer of tissue/organ from one individual to another -
✔✔Transplantation
_________________________ is the transfer of blood cells/blood products from one individual to
another - ✔✔Transfusion
_________________ transplant is the most common transplantation - ✔✔kidney
_____________________ transfusion is the most common transfusion - ✔✔red blood cell
Individuals who are not identical twins differ in many genes that they do not inherit. This means
individuals will have different proteins based on these different genes. These differences are called
______________________ - ✔✔polymorphisms
In transplantation, if one person is a donor and another is a recipient, then there might be a difference in
proteins between each person. So, when an organ is transplanted, the recipient's immune system can
detect the transplanted cells as non-self and lead an attack against them. This attack involves
________________ and ____ cells and is called an ___________________ ________________
_______________ - ✔✔antibodies
T cells
allogeneic immune response
The recipient's T cells and antibodies that enter the implanted organ after transplantation cause
inflammation in the organ as if the organ is a foreign invader, like a microbe. This leads to injury/death of
the implanted organ. This is called _________________ _______________ - ✔✔transplant rejection
,The most polymorphic genes in our entire genome are the _____________________
___________________ _________________ genes. - ✔✔major histocompatibility complex (aka HLA
genes)
MHC class II has the variants: __________, __________, and _________ proteins - ✔✔DP
DQ
DR
MHC class I has the variants: ____________, ______________ and _________ - ✔✔A
B
C
If we take all the different alleles in the human population that encode normal functioning versions of
the MHC class I and II variants, there are over ______________ alleles - ✔✔5,000
HLA-B has over _______________ alleles - ✔✔2,500
_______ is the major immunological barrier to transplantation - ✔✔MHC
______________ have carbohydrates on their surface, but they differ from one person to another -
✔✔RBCs
The antigens on red blood cells include: _______, _________, _________ or _________ - ✔✔A
B
AB
O
If someone is type A, this means they have the A antigen and they have antibodies that recognize the
antigens that they do not express. So, type A has natural ______ antibodies that recognize the ______
antigen. Type B has antibodies that recognize the ______ antigen. Type O has antibodies that recognize
the ________ and _______ antigen. Type AB has _________ antibodies - ✔✔IgM
,B
A
A
B
neither
If you want to transfuse blood across individuals, then the antibodies can cause trouble. For example, if
type A is transfused into someone with type B, then the recipient with type B (who has antibodies
against type A) will cause the destruction of type A blood either by ___________________ activation or
_________________. This is called a ____________________ ________________ - ✔✔complement
phagocytosis
transfusion reaction
Given what you have learned about the genetic loci that are most important for transplant compatibility,
it is likely that ____________ are the primary mediators of transplant rejection.
1. B lymphocytes
2. T lymphocytes
3. macrophages
4. neutrophils - ✔✔2. T lymphocytes
A burn victim receives a skin transplant. Theoretically, his medical team could choose from several
different donors, but the choice of donor is obvious in this case. Who is the donor?
1. the patient's twin brother
, 2. the patient's spouse
3. the patient's son
4. the patient - ✔✔4. the patient
Which immune mechanisms or processes are most commonly associated with transfusion reactions?
(select two answers)
1. antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
2. complement activation
3. CTL degranulation
4. neutralization
5. opsonization - ✔✔2. complement activation
5. opsonization
The antigens of the ABO blood groups are:
1. carbohydrates.
2. nucleic acids.
3. proteins.
4. lipids. - ✔✔1. carbohydrates.
To predict the chances of transplant rejection, three HLA proteins are the most important: __________,
___________ and __________ - ✔✔HLA-A
HLA-B
DR
___________ ____________ is used to reduce chances of rejection. We can match proteins of the donor
and recipient to see if the recipient has similar proteins as the donor. Identical proteins are usually found
amongst _______________. If there is not a sibling donor with a perfect match, then we can try to find
someone who at least shares some MHC genes. - ✔✔HLA matching
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