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Apush Review, all periodsColumbian Exchange - answer Exchange of plants and animals between the New World
and Europe following the discovery of America in 1492
Christopher Columbus - answer Italian explorer sailed from Spain in 1492 and reached Americas, greatly increased European awareness of the North American Continent
Bartolomeo de las Casas - answer16th Century Spanish Historian, Dominican Friar, "Protector of the Indians;" opposed atrocities by colonizers on Indigenous people
Spanish empire - answer Empire control in Mexico, South America, and Florida, religious empire
defensive buffers vs. English, French, and Russians
Economic empire
French empire - answer Empire control in Canada, Ohio, and Mississippi River Valley with Louisiana Religious: Jesuits Positive indigenous relations
Fur trade
English/British Empire - answer Exhibited control in the form of dominions, colonies, mandates, and territories Queen Elizabeth I was a prominent ruler French Rivalry engaged in Columbian Exchange.
Jamestown - answer First permanent English settlement; located in Virginia
Founded by London Company
Mayflower Compact - answer Pilgrims/Separatists agreement
agreement to obey laws created by the community and a profession of allegiance to the king
Chesapeake colonies - answer Term for the colonies of Maryland and Virginia
Virginia colony - answer This colony was founded in 1607
First settlement was Jamestown Charter to stock company/royal
Tobacco was vital to its survival
House of Burgesses - answerfirst U.S representative assembly was established (Jamestown, Virginia)
1619
Bacon's rebellion - answerColonial uprising that took place in 1676 in the Virginia colony, led by Nathaniel Bacon Virginians resented William Berkeley's friendly policy towards Native Americans first rebellion in American colonies in which discontented frontiersmen took part
Maryland colony - answerFounded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore, founded to be a place for persecuted Catholics to find refuge, a safe haven, act of toleration
Toleration Act - answerGuaranteed religious toleration to trinitarian Christians, but decreed the death penalty to Jews and atheists and others who didn't believe in the divinity of Jesus Christ,
New England colonies - answerThe term for the colonies of Massachusetts bay, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire
Massachusetts Bay Colony - answerColony founded in 1630 by John Winthrop, part of the Great Puritan Migration, founded by puritans. Had a theocratic republic. "City upon a
hill"
John Winthrop - answerPuritan governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony. Speaker of "City upon a hill"
"City upon a hill" - answerSaid by Winthrop; refers to the idea that Puritan colonists emigrating to the New World were part of a special pact with God to create a holy community: a model society to the world/moral commonwealth
Anne Hutchinson - answerWoman who challenged Purtian religous authorities in Massachusetts Bay. Puritan authorities banished her because she challenged religious doctrine, gender roles. clerical authority, and claimed to have had revelations from God
King Philip's war - answer1675. longest and bloodiest conflict between settlers and natives in 17th century, native Wampanoags under KIng Phillip ( Indian Chieftain) resisted England encroachment on their land, they killed many settlers in Mass, English joined with Mohawks to defeat them
Salem Witch Trials - answer1629 outbreak of witchcraft accusations in a Massachussetts Bay puritan village marked by an atmosphere of fear, hysteria and stress. Spectral evidence was used frequently. Rhode Island Colony - answerSelf-governing colony founded by Roger Williams in 1636; granted freedom for all religions and non-believers; religious toleration; disestablishment, universal suffrage for white males w/property qualifications; most democratic
Disestablishment - answerSeparation of church and state; no religion is officially supported by the state/government; opposed tax-supported church
Connecticut colony - answerColony founded by Thomas Hooker in 1636; self-governing;
origin of Fundamental Orders
Fundamental Orders - answerThe first constitution written in North America; granted ALL adult males to vote not just church going land owners as was the policy in Massachutes
New Amsterdam - answerDutch colonial settlement that served as the capital of New Netherland. This later became "New York City"
Restoration colonies - answerColonies created as a result from the land grants in North America given by King Charles II of England The two major restoration colonies were Pennsylvania and Carolina.
New York colony - answerColony founded by Dutch in 1624. Very diverse and wealthy colony. Contained the Hudson river
Pennsylvania colony - answerColony formed from the "Holy Experiment"; settled by Quakers. Founded by William Penn, who bought land from the Native Americans. Allowed religious freedom
William Penn - answerAn English Quaker, founded Pennsylvania in 1682, after receiving a charter from King Charles II the year before. He launched the colony as a "holy experiment" based on religious tolerance.
Georgia colony - answerColony founded by James Oglethorpe. Its first settlers were debtors and unfortunates( "worthy poor"). Tolerant to Christians but not Catholics. Acted
as a buffer between Spanish Florida and the Carolinas.
James Oglethorpe - answerFounded Georgia; a member of parliament; philanthropist; social reformer (helping those in debtors' prisons)
Mercantilism - answerEconomic philosophy of 17th and 18th century European nations; sought to increase wealth and power through acquisition of gold and silver and establishing a favorable balance of trade. Colonies served interest of mother country through importation of its raw materials -> Exportation > importation Triangular trade - answerTrading System between Europe, Africa, and the colonies; European purchased slaves in Africa and sold them to colonies, new materials from colonies went to Europe while European finished products were sold in the colonies.
Navigation Acts - answerActs passed in 1660 passed by British parliament to increase colonial dependence on Great Britain for trade; limited goods that were exported to colonies; caused great resentment in American colonies.
"salutary/benign neglect" - answer150 years of colonial self-rule due to Neglect by British authorities
Dominion of New England - answer1686 - The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros). The Dominion ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros.
Glorious Revolution (in America) - answerElimination of Dominion of England in 1689; Plymouth added to Massachusetts in 1691; Reinstatement of legislative assemblies; Coode's Rebellion; some royal governors; more closely intertwined empire
Puritanism - answerThe religion of a group of religious dissidents who came to the New World so they would have a location to establish a "purer" church than the one that existed in England
Enlightenment - answer18th century philosophy stressing reason, and how it can be used to improve the human condition. Natural rights was a major idea that influenced Thomas Jefferson in the writing of the Declaration of Independence.
John Locke - answerEnglish philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which
the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property.
Benjamin Franklin - answerPrinter, author, inventor, diplomat, statesman, and Founding
Father. One of the few Americans who was highly respected in Europe, primarily due to his discoveries in the field of electricity. He helped to negotiate French support for the American Revolution.
First Great Awakening - answerReligious revival in the colonies in 1730s and 1740s; George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards preached a message of atonement for sins by admitting them to God. The movement attempted to combat the growing secularism and rationalism of mid-eighteenth century America. Religious splits in the colonies became deeper.
Jonathan Edwards - answerPreacher during the First Great Awakening; "Sinners in the hands of angry god"
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