Exam 2 Preparation,Davis Advantage for
Pathophysiology: Introductory Concepts
& Clinical Perspectives 2nd Edition
2024-2025. Theresa Capriotti DO, MSN,
CRNP, RN. 100% Correct Answers from
Publisher. Graded A+
(ALL)etiology/Risk factors – ANS unknown. abnormal number of chromosomes is
associated
Mutations in genes
ARID5B
GEBPE
GATA3
IKZF1
(CLL) etiology/patho - ANSgenetic changes are the primary cause
any agent that disrupts DNA
Overexpressed B-cell CLL
(HL) etiology - ANSPresence of Reed-Sternberg (RS) in lymphoid tissue.
(RS)- large malignant b-cell with two nuclei
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (all) - ANSThis is the overproduction of immature
lymphocytes. The lymphocytes divide rapidly but fail to mature. Lymphoblasts rise and
crowd out normal WBCs, RBCs & platelets. The most common leukemia in 5 years of
age.
Agglutinogens - ANSantigens on the surface of the RBC that is the basis for blood
typing
B lymphocytes (developement) - ANSdevelop in plasma cells, within lymph nodes
B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes - ANSattack specific antigens while maintaining a
memory of these antigens for future defense
Basophils - ANSmainly released during parasitic infection
Blood type and antibodies - ANSA - anti-b
B -anti-a
AB -No antibodies
O - anti- A
Bohr effect - ANSthe effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the uptake and release
of oxygen by
hemoglobin
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) - ANSmost common type of leukemia
-not considered curable
-no complaints at diagnosis
-this can be controlled for many years
- common in 70 year old Caucasian males
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): order of infection - ANS1- Pulmonary
dysfunction
2- decreased blood oxygen levels
3- Decreased oxygen deliver to kidneys
4- increased erythropoietin levels
5- Bone marrow stimulation
Eosinophils - ANSreleased mainly during allergic reactions
Erythropoiesis - ANSproduction of red blood cells
1-Bone marrow
2-Pluripotent stem cell
3- Erythropoietin + Erythroblasts
4- Norm oblast
5- Reticulocyte
6- Mature erythrocyte - nucleus
Granulocytes - ANSA group of leukocytes containing granules in their cytoplasm;
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils.
Hematocrit - ANSpercentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells
Normal range
men: 45-52%
women: 37-48%
Hematologic Neoplasms - ANStypes of cancer that affect blood, bone marrow, and
lymph nodes
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