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Exam (elaborations)

Wellness Exam Two With Complete Solutions Graded A+

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Wellness Exam Two With Complete Solutions Graded A+ Upper outer quadrant of the breast (tail of spence) Site of most breast tumors What is least likely to indicate a possible malignancy Marked tenderness Four groups of nodes in breast: Central axillary node Pectoral anterior node Su...

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  • June 13, 2024
  • 26
  • 2023/2024
  • Exam (elaborations)
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Wellness Exam Two With Complete Solutions
Graded A+
Upper outer quadrant of the breast (tail of spence)
Site of most breast tumors


What is least likely to indicate a possible malignancy
Marked tenderness


Four groups of nodes in breast:
Central axillary node
Pectoral anterior node
Subscapular posterior node
Lateral


During embryonic life what is present under the breast
Epidermal ridges (milk line)


At puberty what stimulates breast changes?
Estrogen


Tanner staging
Five stages of breast development


Colostrum
Yellow fluid, rich in antibody, same amount of protein/no fat, produced by breast first few days of
delivery


Lactation
Milk production
1-3 days after postpartum
White color: calcium and fat


After menopause ovarian secretion of what decreases
Estrogen and progesterone causing breast glandular tissue to atrophy

Axillary hair decreases

Lactiferous duct becomes firm because of fibrosis/calcification


Gynecosmastia (male)
During adolescence, it is common for breast tissue to temporary change


What is the second cause of death from cancer in woman
Breast cancer

,Inspect breast: General apperance
Symmetry and shape


Inspect breast: Skin
Even color
Redness, bulging, dimpling, skin lesion, focal vascular pattern, or edema

Pregnancy: blue vascular network, pale linear straie


Inspect breast: lymphatic drainage
Observe bulging, discoloration, edema of axillary and supraclavicular region


Inspect breast: Nipple
Symmetric on same plane
Nipples should protrude (can be flat;inverted)
Note dry scaling, fissure, discharge
Supernumerary nipple is normal


Inspect the breasts:
General apperance
Skin
Nipple
Skin retraction
Lymphatic drainage


Examine axillae while woman is
Sitting


While examining axillae note:
Rashes
Infection
Bulging
Enlarged lymph nodes


Vertical strip method is reccomended for
Breast Self Examination


Wedge method
From nipple palpating out to the periphery following spokes of wheel


Concentric circle method
Palpating in concentric circle out to the periphery


In nulliparous women, normal breast tissue feel:
Firm, smooth, elastic

After pregnancy tissue is softer/looser

, premenstrual engorgement is normal from increasing:
Progesterone


Breast Self Examination
Vertical strip method
Check tail of spain
Check breast with hands on hips


Last inspection of breast is
Nipple

Gently depress nipple with forefinger; tissue should move inward


If woman reports spontaneous nipple discharge
Repeat pressing of aerola inward in a few directions


If woman mentions breast lump she discovered herself...
Examine unaffected breast first


Characteristics of lumps: Location?
Describe distance from nipple in centimeters


Characteristics of lumps: Size?
In centimeter describe width, length, thickness


Characteristics of lumps: Shape
Oval, round, lobulated, or distinct


Characteristics of lumps: Consistency
Soft, firm, or hard


Characteristics of lumps
Size, Shape, Consistency, Movable, Demarcation, Tender, Age, Number, Pattern of Growth, Skin
Retraction, Risk to health


In neonates breast may be enlarged due to
Estrogen
May secrete witch milk


Breast development starts at age of
8-10


Woman over _____ have an increased risk for breast cancer

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