Exam (elaborations)
UNMC Patho 2 - Exam 1
- Course
- Institution
UNMC Patho 2 - Exam 1
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
modockochieng06
Content preview
UNMC Patho 2 - Exam 1what does Neoplasm mean? - ANS-"new growth" tumor
cancer cells exhibit "autonomy" - ANS-independence from normal cellular controls
Cancer cells exhibit independence from normal cellular control, what is the term for
this? - ANS-Autonomy
Cancer cells exhibit "anaplasia", what does this mean? - ANS-loss of differentiation or
specialization
What are NOT called "cancer" - and named by the tissue of orgin + "oma"... -
ANS-Benign tumor
ex benign tumor of fat cells = LIPOMA
Which cells are undifferentiated or poorly differentiated? - ANS-Malignant cells
What is the name for the normal process of developing specialized functions and
organization? - ANS-Cell differentiation
Which type of genetic CA event occurs in germ cells and is passed on through the
allele? - ANS-Inherited
What are the primary basis for carcinogenesis? - ANS-Genetic events
What type of genetic event occurs in somatic cells (as cells divide over a person's
lifetime) and usually requires a number of mutations over time? - ANS-Non-inherited
What is the biggest risk factor for CA and why? - ANS-Age, multiple mutations are
required to develop CA, so as we age we get more CA
Which is a mutant gene that promotes cancer cell growth? - ANS-Onocogene
Which gene normally regulates (slows down) cell proliferation (growth)? - ANS-Tumor
suppressor gene
Which gene promotes normal cellular growth, but once it s mutated into an oncogene it
then promotes CA cell growth? - ANS-Proto-oncogene
, What is the most common way to create an oncogene and is described as small DNA
changes usually alteration of one or a few base pairs - remember adenine-thymine and
cytosine-guanine? - ANS-Point mutations
What type of mutation occurs when there is a break in 2 chromosome and genetic
material is exchanged...(2 things happen)
1. the translocation of the genetic material causes excess production of factors that lead
to cell proliferation
2. the translocation leads to production of new proteins that have growth promoting
properties - ANS-Chromosome Translocation
What type of mutation occurs when repeated duplication of a small piece of a
chromosome happens, and this usually leads to increased expression of an oncogene?
- ANS-Chromosome amplification
Viral and bacterial causes of cancer - ANS-cause-effect is difficult to determine in
humans
many associations have been established
viral: HBV -Hep B, HCV-Hep C, Herpes - lymphomes, HPV gential warts and cervical
cancer, Bacteria - H. pylori
Cigarette smoke, insecticides, asbestos are examples of? - ANS-Environmental
Chemical cancer agents
ultraviolet light, radiation are examples of - ANS-Environmental Physical cancer agents
HBV, HCV, Herpes, HPV are examples of? - ANS-Environmental Viral cancer agents
Which tumor closely resembles tissue of origin and thus retains some specialized
functions? - ANS-Grade I: Well differentiated
Tobacco use, diet (increased fat, low fiber), Sexual reproductive (# of sex partners),
Alcohol (liver cancer), Hormones (oral contraceptive, hormone replacement) are
examples of? - ANS-Personal behaviors that cause cancer
Which tumor has less resemblance to tissue of origin; more variation in size and shape
of tumor cells; increased mitoses? - ANS-Grade II: Moderately differentiated
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller modockochieng06. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
81989 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now