Hematopoiesis - Answer-blood cell formation
Fetus- liver and spleen
Adult- bone marrow
Anemia - Answer-A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume.
Erythropoiesis - Answer-formation of red blood cells
In kidney in response to hypoxia
...
NR507- Midterm Advanced Patho- Cardiac, Pulmonary, Hematology, Renal Exam Questions and Answers
Hematopoiesis - Answer-blood cell formation
Fetus- liver and spleen
Adult- bone marrow
Anemia - Answer-A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume.
Erythropoiesis - Answer-formation of red blood cells
In kidney in response to hypoxia
macrocytic normochromic anemia - Answer-Large RBC's, normal hemoglobin
Folic acid or Vitamin B12 deficiency
microcytic hypochromic anemia - Answer-small, abnormally shaped erythrocytes that are not able to carry normal hemoglobin
Thalassemia- mediterranean
normocytic normochromic anemia - Answer-Characterized by red cells that are relatively normal in size and normal hemoglobin
Aplastic, hemorrhagic, hemolytic, sickle cell
iron deficiency anemia - Answer-anemia resulting when there is not enough iron to build
hemoglobin for red blood cells
Affects children, poverty, child bearing age
Erythrocytes - Answer-red blood cells
Most abundant cell in the body
Responsible for tissue oxygenation
Mitotic division- 100-120 days
sickle cell anemia - Answer-A genetic disorder in which erythroctyes take on an abnormal curved or "sickle" shape (Hb-s)
Thalassemia - Answer-Inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, usually seen in persons of Mediterranean background.
pernicious anemia - Answer-Lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream hemolytic anemia - Answer-Characterized by an inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to the premature destruction of red blood cells by the spleen
Pancytopenia- reduction in all 3 types of blood cells (RBC, WBC, Plt)
Erythropoietin (EPO) - Answer-Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow
In response to hypoxia
In the fetus the liver produces this
Hemoglobin - Answer-Iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen for delivery to cells
4 molecules of O2
Made of polypeptide, heme, iron
anemia due to gastrectomy - Answer-Iron def anemia is major cause after this
Removal of stomach often leads to marked decrease in production of gastric acid. This acid is necessary to convert dietary iron to a form that is more readily absorbed by the duodenum
hemolytic anemia causes - Answer-Sickle cell disease, ABO or Rh incompatibility, drug induced
Role of macrophages - Answer-Innate:
1. Phagocytosis
PRR or opsonization w/ complement
2. Secrete Cytokines: Recruit more cells, inflammation, fever, etc.
Adaptive:
1. Phagocytosis: opsonization with complement or Abs
2. Secrete cytokines: recruit more cells etc. 3. Antigen presentation: peptides from the broken down pathogen are displayed on surface of the cell.
Note: macrophages and dendrites are the majoy antigen processing and antigen presenting cells that initiate immune response
- Present antigen to memory (Th) cells in order to initiate a rapid response to antigens (secondary immune response)
Anticholinergic drugs for asthma - Answer-Atrovent & Spiriva both prevent the muscle bands around the airways from tightening thus reduce in exacerbation
Albuterol is short acting
Asthma - Answer-A chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing.
T2HIGH eosinophilic inflammation
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